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SML0326

Sigma-Aldrich

GTS-21

≥97% (HPLC)

Synonym(s):

3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine dihydrochloride, DMBX-anabaseine, DMXB, DMXB-A, GTS21

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C19H20N2O2 · 2HCl
CAS Number:
156223-05-1
Molecular Weight:
381.30
MDL number:
MFCD00941364
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
329825331
NACRES:
NA.77

Quality Level

100

assay

≥97% (HPLC)

form

powder

color

faintly yellow to dark yellow

solubility

H2O: >5 mg/mL

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

Cl.Cl.COc1ccc(\C=C2/CCCN=C2c3cccnc3)c(OC)c1

InChI

1S/C19H20N2O2.2ClH/c1-22-17-8-7-14(18(12-17)23-2)11-15-5-4-10-21-19(15)16-6-3-9-20-13-16;;/h3,6-9,11-13H,4-5,10H2,1-2H3;2*1H/b15-11+;;

InChI key

BXKYFUGAAFLYJL-BXGYHSFXSA-N

Application

GTS-21 has been used:
  • as an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) partial agonist to elucidate its anti-inflammatory effects in mouse macrophages
  • to test its protective effect on the renal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
  • to test its effect on microvascular inflammation in endotoxemia induced by LPS

Biochem/physiol Actions

GTS-2, a derivative of anisine is an immunomodulatory drug. It is used for treating pancreatitis and septicemia. GTS-2 inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokines especially the interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in sepsis and endotoxemia.
GTS-21 is a selective agonist at α-7 nicotinic receptors with anti-inflammatory and cognition enhancing activities. GTS-21 has also been investigated for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Features and Benefits

This compound is featured on the Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here.

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Matthijs Kox et al.
Biochemical pharmacology, 78(7), 863-872 (2009-07-07)
The vagus nerve can limit inflammation via the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR). Selective pharmacological stimulation of the alpha7nAChR may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. We determined the anti-inflammatory potential of GTS-21, an alpha7nAChR-selective partial agonist
W R Kem
Behavioural brain research, 113(1-2), 169-181 (2000-08-15)
A large decrease in brain nicotinic receptor levels occurs in Alzheimer's disease, relative to muscarinic and other receptors. Neurons possessing high affinity nicotinic receptors seem particularly vulnerable. The low affinity nicotinic receptors which selectively bind alpha-bungarotoxin are not significantly affected.
Bianca Brawek et al.
International journal of molecular sciences, 22(3) (2021-01-28)
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are commonly perceived as resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). This definition, however, requires further specification, as under healthy homeostatic conditions, neither morphological nor functional properties of microglia mirror those
Ryan E Hibbs et al.
The EMBO journal, 28(19), 3040-3051 (2009-08-22)
The pentameric acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) is a soluble surrogate of the ligand binding domain of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Agonists bind within a nest of aromatic side chains contributed by loops C and F on opposing faces of each subunit interface.
Caijuan Shi et al.
Journal of molecular modeling, 19(2), 871-878 (2012-10-23)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are drug targets for neuronal disorders and diseases. Partial agonists for nAChRs are currently being developed as drugs for the treatment of neurological diseases for their relative safety originated from reduced excessive stimulation. In the current
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