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Sigma-Aldrich

Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate

≥99% (HPLC), solid, PKC activator, Upstate®

Synonym(s):

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, 4β,9α,12β,13α,20-Pentahydroxytiglia-1,6-dien-3-one 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate, PMA, TPA

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About This Item

UNSPSC Code:
12352211
eCl@ss:
32160405
NACRES:
NA.41

product name

Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate,

form

solid

Quality Level

100

manufacturer/tradename

Upstate®

technique(s)

activity assay: suitable (kinase)

shipped in

wet ice

General description

Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA) is obtained from the unripe fruit of Sapium indicum. It is a pro-inflammatory agent. PMA shows its effects by the release of cytokines, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, and proteases that result in tissue damage or activates histamine production. This promotes vascular remodeling, heat, and redness. PMA exhibits antimicrobial, proliferative, antiproliferative, anti-neoplastic effects.

Application

Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate is suitable as an inducer of cell differentiation in monocytic cell lines such as U937 and THP-1.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate is a tumor-promoting phorbol ester. It regulates various processes such as gene transcription, cellular growth and differentiation, apoptosis, the immune response, and receptor desensitization via activating protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. It promotes differentiation of human monocytic THP-1 cells to functional macrophages.

Physical form

C36H56O8

Storage and Stability

2 years at -20°C

Legal Information

UPSTATE is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

signalword

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 1 Dermal - Acute Tox. 1 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Carc. 2 - Eye Dam. 1 - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - Skin Sens. 1

Storage Class

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

wgk_germany

WGK 3

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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Agnes Schröder et al.
Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie (2022-04-22)
Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex process involving the remodeling of extracellular matrix and bone as well as inflammatory processes. During orthodontic treatment, sterile inflammation and mechanical loading favor the production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Simultaneously, expression of
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced increase in depressed white blood cell counts in patients treated with cytotoxic cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
Han, Z T, et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 95, 5362-5365 (1998)
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells via Ras, Raf-1, ERK, and NF-kappaB, but not p38 MAPK, pathways.
Chang, et al.
Cellular Signalling, 17, 299-310 (2018)
In vitro studies on the mode of action of the phorbol esters, potent tumor promoters: part 1.
Blumberg, P M
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 8, 153-197 (1980)
Gabriele Picco et al.
Cancer discovery, 11(8), 1923-1937 (2021-04-11)
Targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are used to treat patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer. The clinical effectiveness of targeted therapy and chemotherapy is limited by resistance and drug toxicities, and about half of patients receiving immunotherapy
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