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詳細
Native calpain-1 from porcine erythrocytes. Ca2+-dependent heterodimeric cysteine proteinase with low Ca2+ requirement (EC50= 2 µM). Participates in the ATP release reaction of platelets stimulated with thrombin.
Native calpain-1 from porcine erythrocytes. Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent thiol-proteases that degrade a wide variety of cytoskeletal, membrane-associated, and regulatory proteins. The two major isoforms, calpain I (µ-form) and calpain II (m-form), differ in their calcium requirement for activation. Calpain I requires only micromolar amounts of calcium (EC50 = 2 µM), while calpain II requires millimolar amounts (EC50 = 1 mM).
Calpains are heterodimers of 80 kDa and 30 kDa subunits. The 80 kDa unit has the catalytic site and is unique to each isozyme. The 30 kDa unit is a regulatory subunit and common to both calpain I and calpain II. The 80 kDa unit consists of four domains (I-IV). The 30 kDa unit has two domains (V and VI).
• Domain I is partially removed during autolysis.
• Domain II is the protease domain.
• Domain III exhibits a homology with typical calmodulin binding proteins and interacts with calcium binding domains (IV and VI) and frees domain II for protease activity.
• Domain IV is a calcium binding domain.
• Domain V contains a hydrophobic region and is essential for calpain interaction with membranes.
• Domain VI is a calcium binding domain.
More recently, attention has been focused on the pathological significance of calcium accumulation in the central nervous system following cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Over-activation of NMDA, kainate, and AMPA receptors in the brain leads to sustained influx in Ca2+ through voltage gated Ca2+ channels. Disturbances in calcium homeostasis result in the activation of several calcium-dependent enzymes including calpains. Over-expression of calpains has been positively linked to both acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes including ischemia, trauma, and Alzheimer′s disease. In Alzheimer′s disease the ratio of active (76 kDa) to inactive (80 kDa) calpain I is reported to be much higher. Calpain proteolysis is usually the late-stage common pathway towards cell death induced by excitotoxic compounds.
Calpains are heterodimers of 80 kDa and 30 kDa subunits. The 80 kDa unit has the catalytic site and is unique to each isozyme. The 30 kDa unit is a regulatory subunit and common to both calpain I and calpain II. The 80 kDa unit consists of four domains (I-IV). The 30 kDa unit has two domains (V and VI).
• Domain I is partially removed during autolysis.
• Domain II is the protease domain.
• Domain III exhibits a homology with typical calmodulin binding proteins and interacts with calcium binding domains (IV and VI) and frees domain II for protease activity.
• Domain IV is a calcium binding domain.
• Domain V contains a hydrophobic region and is essential for calpain interaction with membranes.
• Domain VI is a calcium binding domain.
More recently, attention has been focused on the pathological significance of calcium accumulation in the central nervous system following cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Over-activation of NMDA, kainate, and AMPA receptors in the brain leads to sustained influx in Ca2+ through voltage gated Ca2+ channels. Disturbances in calcium homeostasis result in the activation of several calcium-dependent enzymes including calpains. Over-expression of calpains has been positively linked to both acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes including ischemia, trauma, and Alzheimer′s disease. In Alzheimer′s disease the ratio of active (76 kDa) to inactive (80 kDa) calpain I is reported to be much higher. Calpain proteolysis is usually the late-stage common pathway towards cell death induced by excitotoxic compounds.
包装
Please refer to vial label for lot-specific concentration.
警告
Toxicity: Harmful (C)
単位の定義
One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that will hydrolyze 1 pmol Suc-LLVY-AMC in 1 min at 25°C using the Calpain Activity Assay Kit, Fluorogenic (Cat. No. QIA120). Note: 1 caseinolytic unit = 9 fluorogenic units
物理的形状
In 20 mM imidazole-HCl, 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 30% glycerol, pH 6.8.
再構成
Following initial thaw, aliquot and freeze (-70°C). Short-term storage of aliquots at 4°C or on ice is not recommended.
その他情報
Vanderklish, P.W., and Bahr, B.A. 2000. Int. J. Exp. Pathol.81, 323.
Sorimachi, H., et al. 1997. Biochem. J.328, 721.
Kampfl, A., et al. 1997. J. Neurotrauma14, 121.
Johnson, G.V.W., and Gutmann, R.P. 1997. BioEssays19, 1011.
Bartus, R.T., et al. 1995. Neurol. Res.17, 249.
Wang, K.K.W., and Yuen, P.-W. 1994. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 15, 412.
Saito, K., et al. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA90, 2628.
Goll, D.E., et al. 1992. BioEssays14, 549.
Ishii, H., et al. 1992. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1175, 37.
Melloni, E., and Pontremoli, S. 1989. Trends Neurosci.12, 438.
Ross, E., and Schatz, G. 1973. Anal. Biochem.54, 304.
Sorimachi, H., et al. 1997. Biochem. J.328, 721.
Kampfl, A., et al. 1997. J. Neurotrauma14, 121.
Johnson, G.V.W., and Gutmann, R.P. 1997. BioEssays19, 1011.
Bartus, R.T., et al. 1995. Neurol. Res.17, 249.
Wang, K.K.W., and Yuen, P.-W. 1994. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 15, 412.
Saito, K., et al. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA90, 2628.
Goll, D.E., et al. 1992. BioEssays14, 549.
Ishii, H., et al. 1992. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1175, 37.
Melloni, E., and Pontremoli, S. 1989. Trends Neurosci.12, 438.
Ross, E., and Schatz, G. 1973. Anal. Biochem.54, 304.
法的情報
CALBIOCHEM is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
保管分類コード
10 - Combustible liquids
WGK
WGK 2
適用法令
試験研究用途を考慮した関連法令を主に挙げております。化学物質以外については、一部の情報のみ提供しています。 製品を安全かつ合法的に使用することは、使用者の義務です。最新情報により修正される場合があります。WEBの反映には時間を要することがあるため、適宜SDSをご参照ください。
毒物及び劇物取締法
劇物
Jan Code
208712-1MG:
208712-VVMG:
試験成績書（COA）
製品のロット番号・バッチ番号を入力して、試験成績書（COA） を検索できます。ロット番号・バッチ番号は、製品ラベルに「Lot」または「Batch」に続いて記載されています。
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