How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

ABSTRACT

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

MATERIALI

N° Catalogo

Marchio

Descrizione del prodotto

11009

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, powder, ≥91% (complexometric)

266558

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

518573

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, granular, <1 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

326852

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

338788

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, pellets, 3-12 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

266523

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, ReagentPlus^®, beads, 5-15 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

266574

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

310360

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, ACS reagent, 99%, wire, wire diam. ~1.5 mm

326860

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

326887

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

733369

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis

GF44675781

Aluminum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

266957

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF98718935

Aluminum, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

326941

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, pellets, 3-8 mesh, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

GF24569602

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF94706354

Aluminum, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF51598761

Aluminum, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF26812043

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF29732496

Aluminum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF32029444

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF64700524

Aluminum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF51278070

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF95825403

Aluminum, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF96312326

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin carbon fiber / epoxy, 99.9%

GF38294646

Aluminum, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF86830566

Aluminum, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF63629219

Aluminum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF40979773

Aluminum, rod, 500mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%