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Low-valent ruthenium and iridium hydride complexes as alternatives to Lewis acid and base catalysts.

Low-valent ruthenium and iridium hydride complexes as alternatives to Lewis acid and base catalysts.

Accounts of chemical research (2000-04-25)

S Murahashi, H Takaya

ABSTRACT

The discovery of a new chemical reaction often leads to new applications and new chemical principles. Low-valent ruthenium and iridium hydride complexes are highly useful redox Lewis acid and base catalysts. Nitriles are activated by these catalysts and undergo reactions with either nucleophiles or electrophiles under neutral conditions. Hydration of nitriles, esterification of nitriles with alcohols, and amidation of nitriles with amines can be performed catalytically together with formation of ammonia. The catalytic reactions of pronucleophiles such as nitriles and carbonyl compounds with electrophiles such as alkenes, alkynes, carbonyl compounds, imines, and nitriles take place generally.

MATERIALI

N° Catalogo

Marchio

Descrizione del prodotto

Sigma-Aldrich

Iridium, powder, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iridium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iridium, evaporation slug, diam. × L 0.6 cm × 1.2 cm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Iridium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, rod, 25mm, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.9%

Iridium, rod, 25mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%

Iridium, rod, 50mm, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 0.8mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire, straight, 100mm, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, 0.025m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width .5mm, as rolled, 99.9%

Iridium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 224μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.9%

Iridium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 224μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, 0.1m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width .5mm, as rolled, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.075mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 0.3m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, wire, straight, 50mm, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Iridium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9%