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일반 설명
Cholera toxin is a member of the AB5-subunit family of toxins. It consists of a single A subunit responsible for ADP-ribosylation and five B subunits arranged as a pentameric ring with cell surface receptor binding and internalization functions. The A subunit catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels. It also ADP-ribosylates transducing and tubulin.
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.
애플리케이션
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used in toxin neutralization assays to assess the cytotoxicity of cells.
생화학적/생리학적 작용
Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface.
특징 및 장점
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포장
Package size based on protein content.
물리적 형태
Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA
재구성
When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN3, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.
신호어
Danger
유해 및 위험 성명서
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Dermal - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation - Aquatic Chronic 3
Storage Class Code
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
WGK
WGK 3
이미 열람한 고객
Nobuhiko Kayagaki et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6151), 1246-1249 (2013-07-28)
Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri are sensed in an ill-defined manner by an intracellular inflammasome complex that activates caspase-11. We show that macrophages loaded with synthetic lipid A, E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or
The enterotoxin T (BcET) from Bacillus cereus can probably not contribute to food poisoning.
Choma C and Granum PE
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Nicholas F Wright et al.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 521(13), 2966-2986 (2013-03-19)
Many brain structures project to both the anteroventral thalamic nucleus and the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. In the present study, pairs of different tracers were placed into these two thalamic sites in the same rats to determine the extent to which
Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Breast Cancer Research, 14, R23-R23 (2012)
Rapid Expansion of Human Epithelial Stem Cells Suitable for Airway Tissue Engineering.
Butler CR et al.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 194, 156-156 (2016)
관련 콘텐츠
Cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic ADP-ribose, have been extensively studied as second messengers of intracellular events initiated by activation of GPCRs. cAMP modifies cell function in all eukaryotic cells, principally through the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), but also through cAMP-gated ion channels and guanine nucleotide exchange factors directly activated by cAMP.
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