N7878
Nitrofurantoin
98.0-102.0% (EP, UV)
Synonym(s):
N-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylidene)-1-aminohydantoin, Furadoxyl, Nitrofurantoine
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All Photos(4)
About This Item
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C8H6N4O5
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
238.16
Beilstein:
893207
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
51102829
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.85
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Quality Level
Assay
98.0-102.0% (EP, UV)
form
(Crystalline Powder or crystals)
color
yellow
solubility
DMF: soluble 50 mg/mL
antibiotic activity spectrum
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Mode of action
DNA synthesis | interferes
cell wall synthesis | interferes
protein synthesis | interferes
SMILES string
[O-][N+](=O)c1ccc(\C=N\N2CC(=O)NC2=O)o1
InChI
1S/C8H6N4O5/c13-6-4-11(8(14)10-6)9-3-5-1-2-7(17-5)12(15)16/h1-3H,4H2,(H,10,13,14)/b9-3+
InChI key
NXFQHRVNIOXGAQ-YCRREMRBSA-N
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Application
Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic that is used as a substrate of bacterial nitrofuran reductase to study the interactions of active metabolites with DNA, ribosomal proteins and metabolic and pro-oxidant processes. It is used to study nitrofurantoin-induced toxicity and antibiotic resistance.Nitrofurantoin is suitable for killing L. monocytogenes-persisters in vitro. Studies has described the use of antioxidants to mitigate the toxic effects of nitrofurantoin on human WI-38 fibroblasts in culture. Alterations to the in vitro morphologic features, viability, and phagocytic activity of isolated bovine mammary polymorphonuclear leukocytes caused by various antibiotics, including nitrofurantoin, have been reported.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Nitrofurantoin is an antibactericidal compound that has been historically prepared by the reaction of 1-aminohydantoin sulfate and 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde diacetate. It shows activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Nitrofurantoin is effective against enterococci, staphylococci, streptococci, corneybacteria, many strains of Escherichia coli. Most strains of Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeurginosa are more resistant to this compound. Nitrofurantoin is activated by bacterial flavoproteins (nitrofuran reductase) to actively reduce reactive intermediates that modulate and damage ribosomal proteins or other macromolecules, such as DNA. This inhibits DNA, RNA, protein, and cell wall synthesis which causes cell death. Nitrofurantoin has a low resistance potential that is rapidly metabolized by mammals and is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is also a pro-oxidant that is cytotoxic due to the generation of intracellular H 2O2. It is an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Nitrofurantoin produces hepatotoxicity caused by the redox cycling of the nitro group and its radical anion which leads to oxidative stress.
Other Notes
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.Light sensitive.
Signal Word
Danger
Hazard Statements
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Sens. 1
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 1
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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J Pourahmad et al.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 500, 261-265 (2002-01-05)
1. The enzymes responsible for the reductive activation of NFT are not known. We have now shown that under aerobic conditions, inhibitors of cytochrome P450 or P450 reductase but not DT diaphorase prevented NFT induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species
W Shen et al.
Human & experimental toxicology, 15(5), 428-434 (1996-05-01)
1. Nitrofurantoin is an antimicrobial agent which produces hepatotoxicity caused by the redox cycling of the nitro group and its radical anion. This futile cycling triggers a complex series of events known collectively as oxidative stress. 2. Our goal was
C Michiels et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 967(3), 341-347 (1988-12-15)
The toxicity of nitrofurantoin was studied on human WI-38 fibroblasts: this chemical was lethal when added at concentrations higher than 5.10(-5) M in the culture medium. The protection afforded by antioxidants was then tested: alpha-tocopherol gave at 10(-4) M a
Mutations to Nitrofurantoin and Nitrofurazone Resistance in Escherichia coli K12
Anthony S. Breeze and EMMANUEL E. OBASEIKI-EBOR
Microbiology, 129, 99-103 (1983)
Gitte M Knudsen et al.
Applied and environmental microbiology, 79(23), 7390-7397 (2013-09-24)
Listeria monocytogenes can cause the serious infection listeriosis, which despite antibiotic treatment has a high mortality. Understanding the response of L. monocytogenes to antibiotic exposure is therefore important to ensure treatment success. Some bacteria survive antibiotic treatment by formation of
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