生物电子学
生物电子学是一个结合了生物学和电子学的交叉学科领域,可用于诊断和治疗保健应用。通过采用影响神经信号传导中特定分子过程的生物电子技术,可以监测和控制神经系统的调节活动。生物电子医学处理一系列疾病和障碍,如失明、心血管疾病、糖尿病、发炎性和神经退行性疾病和瘫痪。
生物电子设备通过刺激、调节或阻止大脑和机体功能器官之间的特定电子通信信号起作用,从而实现个性化的治疗。常见的生物医学设备包括调节心率的心脏起搏器和模仿人体环境的机器人假肢。血糖监测仪等生物传感器可检测酶、病原体或毒性物质。可穿戴生物电子设备能够监测生命体征,检测生物标志物,或捕获表皮能量。先进的生物电子植入物无需电线或电池即可工作,并且根据应用的不同,具有侵害性极小、可消化、可完全吸收等特点。
材料设计和设备构造领域的创新已经显著提高了生物电子设备的灵敏度和生物相容性。由于其良好的导电性、弹性和很小的尺寸,碳纳米管、石墨烯和其他二维纳米材料、导电聚合物、金纳米颗粒和量子点等柔软轻质的超薄材料非常适合于生物电子应用。
详情请参阅我们 Material Matters™ 期刊的生物电子学专题。
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