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M188

Sigma-Aldrich

Maleic anhydride

99%

Synonym(s):

2,5-Furandione

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C4H2O3
CAS Number:
108-31-6
Molecular Weight:
98.06
Beilstein:
106909
EC Number:
203-571-6
MDL number:
MFCD00005518
UNSPSC Code:
12162002
PubChem Substance ID:
24896701
NACRES:
NA.23

vapor density

3.4 (vs air)

vapor pressure

0.16 mmHg ( 20 °C)

Assay

99%

autoignition temp.

870 °F

expl. lim.

7.1 %

bp

200 °C (lit.)

mp

51-56 °C (lit.)

SMILES string

O=C1OC(=O)C=C1

InChI

1S/C4H2O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7-3/h1-2H

InChI key

FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Maleic anhydride (MA) belongs to the class of monomers known as cyclic dicarboxylic anhydrides. It is commonly used in polymerization reactions to produce various types of polymers such as poly(maleic anhydride) (PMA), maleic anhydride-based resins, and maleic anhydride-butadiene copolymers (MABS), etc. These MA-based polymers find applications in various fields including, polymer blends and coatings, epoxy resins, semiconductor devices, secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries, resin films, glass fiber, coatings, packaging, water treatment, and drug delivery systems. Additionally, MA can be grafted onto other polymers, to enhance their performance and compatibility with other materials. Grafted polymers find applications in the automotive, packaging, and construction industries. Maleic anhydride is also used as an electron-acceptor monomer in the development of various antimicrobial polymers due to their reactive double bonds and reactive anhydride groups.

The structure of maleic acid consists of four carbon molecules along with carboxylate groups on either ends, with a double bond between the central carbon atoms. The anhydride of maleic acid has five atoms in its cyclic molecule, the unsaturated bond undergoes free radical polymerization in the presence of an initiator.

Application

Maleic anhydride can be used as a monomer:
  • In the grafting process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by the monomer microencapsulation technique, which enables the introduction of enhanced functionality and improved properties to the polymer for functional coatings, membranes, or surface treatments, adhesives, and coatings.
  • In the functionalization of polylactic acid (PLA) and acts as a coupling agent in natural fiber biocomposites. The functionalization improves the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PLA and natural fibers, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and expanded applications of the resulting biocomposite materials.
  • Maleic anhydride may be used in the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resins and as a reactant in synthesizing important products such as agricultural chemicals, lubricant additives, and food acidulatents.

Physical form

briquettes

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H302,H314,H317,H334,H372

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Dam. 1 - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - Skin Sens. 1A - STOT RE 1 Inhalation

Target Organs

Respiratory system

Supplementary Hazards

EUH071

Storage Class Code

6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

WGK

WGK 1

Flash Point(F)

217.4 °F - closed cup

Flash Point(C)

103 °C - closed cup

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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