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A8986

Sigma-Aldrich

Alexidine dihydrochloride

≥95% (HPLC)

Synonym(s):

1,1′-Hexamethylene-bis(5-[2-ethylhexyl]biguanide)

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C26H56N10 · 2HCl
CAS Number:
1715-30-6
Molecular Weight:
581.71
EC Number:
216-994-6
MDL number:
MFCD00082369
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
329771026
NACRES:
NA.77

Quality Level

100

Assay

≥95% (HPLC)

form

powder

storage condition

desiccated

color

white to off-white

solubility

DMSO: ≥10 mg/mL

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

Cl.Cl.CCCCC(CC)CNC(=N)NC(=N)NCCCCCCNC(=N)NC(=N)NCC(CC)CCCC

InChI

1S/C26H56N10.2ClH/c1-5-9-15-21(7-3)19-33-25(29)35-23(27)31-17-13-11-12-14-18-32-24(28)36-26(30)34-20-22(8-4)16-10-6-2;;/h21-22H,5-20H2,1-4H3,(H5,27,29,31,33,35)(H5,28,30,32,34,36);2*1H

InChI key

BRJJFBHTDVWTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Application

Alexidine dihydrochloride has been used:
  • as an antiseptic to study its antimicrobial activity in saliva-derived microcosm biofilms
  • as a protein tyrosine phosphatase localized to the mitochondrion 1 (PTPMT1)-specific inhibitor to study its effects on spare respiratory capacity and viability of CD8+ T cells
  • as a PTPMT1 inhibitor to study its antiviral effect on  human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells

Biochem/physiol Actions

Alexidine dihydrochloride is a bisbiguanide compound. It has been studied in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Alexidine dihydrochloride also exhibits antibiofilm and antifungal activity against several fungal species. It causes mitochondrial apoptosis in mammalian cells due to its anti-cancer activity. Alexidine dihydrochloride is a component of oral disinfectant and contact lens solution.
Alexidine dihydrochloride is a potent and selective PTPMT1 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Localized to the Mitochondrion 1) inhibitor. Alexidine increases insulin secretion by isolated rat pancreatic islets.

Features and Benefits

This compound is featured on the Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (Tyrosine) page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here.

Pictograms

Exclamation mark
GHS07

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statements

H315 - H319 - H335

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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J A Chawner et al.
The Journal of applied bacteriology, 66(3), 253-258 (1989-03-01)
Strains of Providencia stuartii with demonstrated resistance towards chlorhexidine did not show such resistance towards either of the related biguanide antiseptics, alexidine or vantocil. Alexidine promoted a significantly faster alteration in the permeability of Escherichia coli cell membranes towards various
Kenneth W Yip et al.
Molecular cancer therapeutics, 5(9), 2234-2240 (2006-09-21)
Despite advances in surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, novel therapeutics are needed for head and neck cancer treatment. The objective of this current study was to evaluate alexidine dihydrochloride as a novel compound lead for head and neck cancers. Using a
Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet.
P Gilbert et al.
Journal of applied microbiology, 99(4), 703-715 (2005-09-16)
Hyun-Shik Kim et al.
International journal of oral science, 5(1), 26-31 (2013-03-16)
A previous study demonstrated that alexidine has greater affinity for the major virulence factors of bacteria than chlorhexidine. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of 1% alexidine with that of 2% chlorhexidine using Enterococcus faecalis-infected
Sophia R Schwarz et al.
Clinical oral investigations, 25(5), 2939-2950 (2020-10-10)
The aims of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics in saliva-derived microcosm biofilms, and to examine phenotypic adaption of bacteria upon repeated exposure to sub-inhibitory antiseptic concentrations. Saliva-derived biofilms were formed mimicking caries- or gingivitis-associated conditions
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Articles

Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (Tyrosine)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and related enzymes (more than a hundred coded by the human genome) are more numerous than serine/threonine phosphatases. They belong to four families, three of which possess a conserved cysteine for catalysis and some conserved features of 3-dimensional structure. The catalytic mechanism of these PTPs involves the transient formation of a covalently phosphorylated enzyme.

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