Skip to Content
Merck
All Photos(1)

Key Documents

View All Documentation

Safety Information

E1385

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethidium bromide solution

BioReagent, for molecular biology, 500 μg/mL in H2O

Synonym(s):

3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide, EtBr, Homidium bromide

Sign Into View Organizational & Contract Pricing
All Photos(1)

About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C21H20BrN3
CAS Number:
1239-45-8
Molecular Weight:
394.31
Beilstein:
3642536
MDL number:
MFCD00011724
UNSPSC Code:
41105322
PubChem Substance ID:
24894408
NACRES:
NA.31

grade

for molecular biology

Quality Level

200

product line

BioReagent

concentration

500 μg/mL in H2O

technique(s)

electrophoresis: suitable

suitability

suitable for gel electrophoresis

SMILES string

[Br-].CC[n+]1c(-c2ccccc2)c3cc(N)ccc3c4ccc(N)cc14

InChI

1S/C21H19N3.BrH/c1-2-24-20-13-16(23)9-11-18(20)17-10-8-15(22)12-19(17)21(24)14-6-4-3-5-7-14;/h3-13,23H,2,22H2,1H3;1H

InChI key

ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Looking for similar products? Visit Product Comparison Guide

Application

Ethidium bromide solution has been used to deplete mtDNA to investigate mitochondrial damage signals in autophagy. It has also been used to detect DNA damage using comet assay.
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Ethidium bromide intercalates double-stranded DNA and RNA and acts as a frameshift mutagen. It can also be used in conjunction with acridine orange to differentiate between viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells.

Reconstitution

For staining a gel after electrophoresis, dilute a sample of the stock solution to 0.5 μg/ml with water and incubate the gel for 15-30 min. Destaining is usually not needed but can be carried out in water for 15 min if decreased background is necessary. The DNA bands can then be detected on a UV light box (254 nm wavelength). Ethidium bromide can also be incorporated into the gel and running buffer at 0.5 μg/ml and visualized immediately after electrophoresis.

Storage Class Code

12 - Non Combustible Liquids

WGK

nwg

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Regulatory Listings

Regulatory Listings are mainly provided for chemical products. Only limited information can be provided here for non-chemical products. No entry means none of the components are listed. It is the user’s obligation to ensure the safe and legal use of the product.

JAN Code

E1385-BULK:
E1385-VAR:
E1385-5ML:4548173195216

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

Already Own This Product?

Find documentation for the products that you have recently purchased in the Document Library.

Visit the Document Library

Autophagy-deficient Kupffer cells promote tumorigenesis by enhancing mtROS-NF-kappaB-IL1alphabeta-dependent inflammation and fibrosis during the preneoplastic stage of hepatocarcinogenesis
Sun K, et al.
Cancer letters, 388, 198-207 (2017)
Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from rats chronically treated with corticosterone: The protective effect of oxytocin treatment.
Stanic D
Chemico-Biological Interactions, 256, 134-141 (2016)
Ulrich Braunschweig et al.
Genome research, 24(11), 1774-1786 (2014-09-27)
Alternative splicing (AS) of precursor RNAs is responsible for greatly expanding the regulatory and functional capacity of eukaryotic genomes. Of the different classes of AS, intron retention (IR) is the least well understood. In plants and unicellular eukaryotes, IR is
Patrick Seitz et al.
PLoS genetics, 10(1), e1004066-e1004066 (2014-01-07)
The DNA uptake of naturally competent bacteria has been attributed to the action of DNA uptake machineries resembling type IV pilus complexes. However, the protein(s) for pulling the DNA across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria remain speculative. Here we
Li Zhang et al.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology, 186, 39-51 (2014-12-04)
Bill Milsom has made seminal contributions to our understanding of ventilatory control in a wide range of vertebrates. Teleosts are particularly interesting, because they produce a 3rd, potentially toxic respiratory gas (ammonia) in large amounts. Fish are well known to
View All Related Papers

Our team of scientists has experience in all areas of research including Life Science, Material Science, Chemical Synthesis, Chromatography, Analytical and many others.

Contact Technical Service