Skip to Content
Merck
All Photos(1)

Key Documents

Safety Information

793353

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanoparticle ink

Synonym(s):

Avantama P-10, Nanograde P-10, Tungsten oxide nanoparticle dispersion, Tungsten oxide suspension, WO3 dispersion, WO3 ink

Sign Into View Organizational & Contract Pricing
All Photos(1)

About This Item

Linear Formula:
WO3-x
UNSPSC Code:
12352103
NACRES:
NA.23

form

dispersion

Quality Level

100

concentration

2.5 wt. % in 2-propanol

particle size

<50 nm (BET)

density

0.7992 g/mL at 25 °C

Related Categories

General description

This WO3-x nanoparticle ink is for slot-dye, spin-coating and doctor blading for the use as hole transport layer in printed electronics. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle ink is a hole-selective interface layer ink based on a colloidal suspension of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles in isopropanol. The average size of WO3 particle is optimized around 12-16 nm. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle exhibits high work function, processability and easy layer formation on hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic substrates.This WO3-x nanoparticle ink is universally applicable in normal and inverted architecture solar cells.
Annealing temperature <100°C.

Application

WO3 nanoparticle ink can be applied in OPV cells as hole extraction layer (HEL) materials. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle ink can be mixed with PEDOT:PSS formulations in order to fine tune electronic and morphological dry layer properties (e.g. conductivity, surface roughness or layer porosity).

Other Notes

Prior to application: Ultrasonicate and (optionally) filter through 0.45 μm PTFE filter
Working conditions: Application and film drying under nitrogen (or low humidity)
Post-treatment: Annealing of deposited WO3-x films at 80°C - 120°C

Legal Information

Product of Avantama Ltd.

Pictograms

FlameExclamation mark
GHS02,GHS07

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H225,H319,H336

Precautionary Statements

P210 - P305 + P351 + P338

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Flam. Liq. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Central nervous system

Storage Class Code

3 - Flammable liquids

WGK

WGK 1

Flash Point(F)

53.6 °F - closed cup

Flash Point(C)

12 °C - closed cup

Regulatory Listings

Regulatory Listings are mainly provided for chemical products. Only limited information can be provided here for non-chemical products. No entry means none of the components are listed. It is the user’s obligation to ensure the safe and legal use of the product.

FSL

Group 4: Flammable liquids
Alcohols
Hazardous rank II

ISHL Indicated Name

Substances Subject to be Indicated Names

ISHL Notified Names

Substances Subject to be Notified Names

JAN Code

793353-BULK:
793353-5ML:4548173339856
793353-VAR:
793353-25ML:4548173339849
793353-50ML:4548173361079

Choose from one of the most recent versions:

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
MKCM4750
MKCL1885
MKCH8503
MKCD0466

Don't see the Right Version?

If you require a particular version, you can look up a specific certificate by the Lot or Batch number.

Search for a COA

Already Own This Product?

Find documentation for the products that you have recently purchased in the Document Library.

Visit the Document Library

High Fill Factor Polymer Solar Cells Incorporating a Low Temperature Solution Processed WO3 Hole Extraction Layer
Christoph J. Brabec; et al.
Advanced Energy Materials, 2, 1433-1438 (2012)
Inverted structure organic photovoltaic devices employing a low temperature solution processed WO3 anode buffer layer
Christoph J. Brabec; et al.
Organic Electronics, 13(11), 2479-2484 (2012)
A universal method to form the equivalent ohmic contact for efficient solution-processed organic tandem solar cells
Journal of Material Chemistry A, 2, 14896?14902-14896?14902 (2014)
Lin Zhou et al.
Scientific reports, 9(1), 8778-8778 (2019-06-21)
This paper presents perovskite solar cells employed with WO3 nanoparticles embedded carbon top electrode. WO3 nanoparticles works as an inorganic hole-transport material (HTM) to promote the hole-extraction in the perovskite/carbon interface as revealed by efficiency, electrochemical impedance and external quantum
Interface Design to Improve the Performance and Stability of Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Conventional Solar Cells
Advanced Energy Materials (2014)
View All Related Papers

Articles

Inorganic Interface Layer Inks for Organic Electronic Applications

Find advantages of inorganic interface layer inks for organic electronic & other applications.

Advancements in the Fabrication of Integrated Organic Electronics

Professor Tokito and Professor Takeda share their new materials, device architecture design principles, and performance optimization protocols for printed and solution-processed, low-cost, highly flexible, organic electronic devices.

Nanoparticle-based Zinc Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Printed Organic Photodetectors

Recent progress in the area of solution-processed functional materials has led to the development of a variety of thin-film optoelectronic devices with significant promise in the industrial and consumer electronics fields.

Our team of scientists has experience in all areas of research including Life Science, Material Science, Chemical Synthesis, Chromatography, Analytical and many others.

Contact Technical Service