糖生物学
糖生物学是有关糖和糖缀合物生物合成、结构、功能及演变的研究。研究糖和糖缀合物动态变化对于理解生物体内的关键生物过程至关重要。人类免疫系统非常依赖聚糖-蛋白质的相互作用发挥作用。目前有关糖蛋白、糖脂和碳水化合物的生理学和病原体识别正在火热进行中,有望为新一代治疗制剂、疫苗和癌症和自身免疫性疾病诊断提供帮助。
细胞表面糖蛋白和糖脂的碳水化合物分子在细胞通信过程和生理反应中发挥作用。细胞表面的糖蛋白和糖脂为细胞间的粘附提供锚,为抗体和其他蛋白质了提供附着点,同时充当细菌和病毒的受体位点。细胞表面糖基化模式改变与细胞分化、发育、病毒感染有关,并可用于诊断某些癌症——七种癌症与相关糖基转移酶的表达或定位变化有关。
常用于糖组学和糖蛋白组学研究领域。其中包括糖合成、糖基化和脱糖基化以及糖分析等领域。糖组学是糖生物学的一个分支领域,旨在鉴定细胞或生物体中糖的结构和功能或糖蛋白。糖蛋白组学主要鉴别细胞或组织中糖蛋白中糖的位置和成分。质谱技术广泛应用于糖组学和糖蛋白组学研究领域,但由于糖的多样性和糖基化位点不同,分析仍然极具难度。
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