血液学
血液学是临床研究血液、血液形成器官以及血液疾病的一门学科。人体血液由~45%的细胞成分和~55%的血浆组成,发挥着输氧、调节体温和支持免疫系统的重要作用。
红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)和血小板这三种主要细胞成分是分析、预测、诊断和治疗各种血液系统疾病和异常的基本依据,其中包括血液感染、血细胞癌、遗传性疾病、自身免疫疾病以及与输血和化疗等药物相互作用相关的并发症。
血液学和肿瘤学
血液学家在肿瘤学领域任务艰巨。淋巴瘤、白血病和骨髓瘤等主要血液肿瘤约占全部新确诊癌症的10%。这些癌症会影响血细胞的生成或改变其行为,除了放疗、化疗、免疫治疗以及干细胞移植等典型疗法外,还可通过血液学验证对其进行治疗。
血液学染色和分析
自19世纪末以来,对血液及血液相关组织进行组织学染色一直是血液学分析的标准方法。例如,Pappenheim1的Panoptic染色以及Giemsa、Wright和Leishman1的染色法在血液学诊断程序中非常流行,通过各种化学修饰的改良来改善其差异化或特异性。1过去,血液学样本大都由科学家手动分析。如今,大多数样本都是采用半自动或全自动染色系统进行分析来明确诊断所需的全部参数。除了特定抗体或基因分析外,这些系统还会通过染色对病变或疑似病变的血液和骨髓涂片进行传统的差异分析。
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参考文献
1.
Begemann H, Rastetter J. 1972. 临床血液学图谱. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
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