L2630
Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4
purified by phenol extraction
Synonym(s):
LPS
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About This Item
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biological source
Escherichia coli (O111:B4)
Quality Level
form
lyophilized powder
purified by
phenol extraction
technique(s)
ELISA: suitable
cell based assay: suitable
ligand binding assay: suitable
impurities
≤3.00% protein (Lowry-TCA)
color
off-white to faint yellow
solubility
water: soluble
application(s)
cell analysis
clinical research
life science and biopharma
shipped in
ambient
storage temp.
2-8°C
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General description
Lipopolysaccharide is a glycolipid, that is composed of carbohydrates linked to fatty acids. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. A typical LPS molecule has lipid A (a glucosamine-based phospholipid), a relatively short core oligosaccharide and a distal polysaccharide (O-antigen). LPSs contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics. They stimulate host cells via TLR2 and TLR4 (toll like receptors). This stimulation results in the generation of various proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα (tumor necrosis factor), IL-1 (interleukin 1) and IL-6.
This product is phenol extracted from Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4. The source strain is from a private collection. This LPS serotype has been used to stimulate B-cells and induce NOS (nitric oxide synthase) in human hepatocytes.
This product is phenol extracted from Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4. The source strain is from a private collection. This LPS serotype has been used to stimulate B-cells and induce NOS (nitric oxide synthase) in human hepatocytes.
Application
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 have been used:
- for the stimulation of macrophages
- for LPS preconditioning in mice
- to induce acute kidney injury in mice
- to induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice to study the anti-inflammatory effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs)-derived exosomes
- to induce hyperinflammatory status in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected mice
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) serve as a part of the outer membrane, this makes the outer membrane permeable to hydrophobic molecules such as antimicrobial substances that make Gram-negative bacteria innately resistant. LPS functions in bacteria-host interactions that regulate the host system responses.
Preparation Note
The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.
Other Notes
For additional information on our range of Biochemicals, please complete this form.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.
Signal Word
Danger
Hazard Statements
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Oral
Storage Class Code
6.1A - Combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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Aya Yanagawa et al.
PloS one, 12(11), e0185370-e0185370 (2017-11-10)
Behavioral resistance protects insects from microbial infection. However, signals inducing insect hygiene behavior are still relatively unexplored. Our previous study demonstrated that olfactory signals from microbes enhance insect hygiene behavior, and gustatory signals even induce the behavior. In this paper
Lei Li et al.
Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 51(6), 770-779 (2018-12-19)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), once thought to be transcriptional noise, have been recently shown to regulate a variety of biological processes. However, their roles in the inflammatory response are largely unexplored. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing to identify
Corticotropin-releasing hormone augments proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages in vitro and in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock in mice.
Agelaki S et al.
Infection and Immunity, 70, 6068-6068 (2002)
Tingting Wang et al.
Journal of gastroenterology, 54(9), 804-818 (2019-05-01)
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the colon and epigenetic factors underlying the occurrence. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been under intensive focus due to the circular construct and gene-regulating functions. However, the changes and roles of circRNAs
Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) and CRF2 agonists exert an anti-inflammatory effect during the early phase of inflammation suppressing LPS-induced TNF-alpha release from macrophages via induction of COX-2 and PGE2.
Tsatsanis C et al.
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 210, 774-774 (2007)
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