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SAB4200095

Sigma-Aldrich

Anti-PKM2 (isoform M2) antibody produced in rabbit

~1.5 mg/mL, affinity isolated antibody

Synonym(s):

Anti-CTHBP, Anti-OIP3(OPA-interacting protein 3), Anti-PK3, Anti-PKM, Anti-Pyruvate Kinase, MUSCLE (isoform M1), Anti-TCB, Anti-THBP1 (thyroid hormone-binding protein, cytosolic)

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About This Item

UNSPSC Code:
12352203
NACRES:
NA.44

biological source

rabbit

conjugate

unconjugated

antibody form

affinity isolated antibody

antibody product type

primary antibodies

clone

polyclonal

form

buffered aqueous solution

mol wt

antigen ~60 kDa

species reactivity

human

concentration

~1.5 mg/mL

technique(s)

immunohistochemistry: 10-20 μg/mL using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human colon carcinoma
immunoprecipitation (IP): 2-4 μg using HT29 cell lysates
indirect immunofluorescence: 4-8 μg/mL using HeLa cells
western blot: 0.5-1.0 μg/mL using HeLa cell extracts

shipped in

dry ice

storage temp.

−20°C

target post-translational modification

unmodified

Gene Information

human ... PKM2(5315)

General description

Pyruvate Kinase (PK) has four known isoforms, namely, L, R, M1 and M2. PK isoform M1 is expressed during the development of the embryo and is the dominant isoform in cardiac, brain and skeletal muscle tissues. The M2 isoform has been linked to cancer metastasis .

Specificity

Anti-PKM2 (isoform M2) antibody is specific for human PKM2 (isoform M2). The product is expected to react with rat and mouse PKM2. In immunoblotting, detection of the PKM2 (isoform M2) band is specifically inhibited by the PKM2 (isoform M2) immunizing peptide.

Application

Anti-PKM2 (isoform M2) antibody produced in rabbit has been used in:
  • chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) assay
  • western blotting
  • immunofluorescence
  • immunohistochemistry

Biochem/physiol Actions

Pyruvate Kinase (PK) is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. Tumor cells have been reported to exclusively overexpress the embryonic M2 isoform. The tumor metabolome is characterized by high glycolytic turnover rate and tumor cells are able to proliferate under conditions of aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. Knockdown of the M2 isoform in human cancer cell lines and its replacement by the M1 isoform has been shown to lead to reversal of the Warburg effect, and reduced ability to form tumors in mouse xenografts. Phosphorylation of the M2 isoform at Tyr105 inhibits its activity and is common in human cancers, suggesting that Tyr105 is a critical metabolic switch in cancer cells that promotes tumorigenesis.

Physical form

Solution in 0.01 M phos­phate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

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Storage Class Code

10 - Combustible liquids

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Sally Winther et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 314(3), E214-E223 (2017-11-10)
During thermogenic activation, brown adipocytes take up large amounts of glucose. In addition, cold stimulation leads to an upregulation of glycolytic enzymes. Here we have investigated the importance of glycolysis for brown adipocyte glucose consumption and thermogenesis. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown
Ying Shi et al.
Cancer letters, 422, 81-93 (2018-02-27)
Radiation therapy has become an important tool in the treatment of cancer patients, but most patients relapse within 5 years. Relapse is due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the molecular mechanism of radioresistance in CSCs remains
Qin Hao et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 308(5), E380-E392 (2014-12-18)
We applied digital gene expression profiling to determine the transcriptome of brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT, respectively) during cold exposure. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cold for 2 or 4 days. A notable induction of genes
Tyrosine phosphorylation inhibits PKM2 to promote the Warburg effect and tumor growth
Hitosugi T, et al.
Science Signaling, 2(97), ra73-ra73 (2009)
Prakasam Gopinath et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry (2016-04-30)
This article has been withdrawn by the authors. The PKM2 immunoblot in Fig 2E was reused as part of the Caspase-3 immunoblot in Fig 9C. The PKM2 immunoblot from 5 mM Glu, fractions 1-10 was reused as the PKM2 immunoblot
View All Related Papers

Articles

Aerobic Glycolysis and the Warburg Effect

We presents an article about the Warburg effect, and how it is the enhanced conversion of glucose to lactate observed in tumor cells, even in the presence of normal levels of oxygen. Otto Heinrich Warburg demonstrated in 1924 that cancer cells show an increased dependence on glycolysis to meet their energy needs, regardless of whether they were well-oxygenated or not.

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