T6884
Thrombin from human plasma
lyophilized powder, ≥2,000 NIH units/mg protein (E1%/280, 18.3)
Synonym(s):
Factor IIa
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About This Item
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biological source
human plasma
Quality Level
form
lyophilized powder
specific activity
≥2,000 NIH units/mg protein (E1%/280, 18.3)
mol wt
37.4 kDa
impurities
HIV and HBsAg, source material tested negative
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
human ... F2(2147)
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General description
Thrombin is produced from the proteolytic cleavage of inactive prothrombin in the liver. It is a glycoprotein with four structural domains: the 10 γ-carboxylated glutamic acid containing Gal domain, two kringle domains, and the trypsin-like serine protease domain. The prothrombin gene is mapped to human chromosome 11p11.2.
Thrombin is the final coagulation protease in regard to hemostasis, promoting both procoagulant and anticoagulant effects.
Application
Thrombin from human plasma has been used:
- in the preparation of fibrin gels for assessing human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) morphology,
- in the activation of platelets,
- to evaluate the integrity of endothelial cell (EC) monolayers
Thrombin is used for site specific cleavage of recombinant fusion proteins containing an accessible thrombin recognition site for removal of affinity tags.
Biochem/physiol Actions
The main function of thrombin is the cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin, to assist stable clot formation. A wide range of mutations in the prothrombin gene contributes to its deficiency resulting in coagulation disorders like dysprothrombinemia and hypoprothrombinemia. High levels of thrombin elicit neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons and contributes to the progression of Parkinson′s disease. Altered thrombin levels modulates the coagulation pathway in multiple sclerosis. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) show elevated levels of thrombin. Thrombin accumulation in neurofibrillary tangles of the brain may contribute to the aggregation of tau protein and pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease.
Thrombin is used for site specific cleavage of recombinant fusion proteins containing an accessible thrombin recognition site for removal of affinity tags. Thrombin has been used in a study to investigate the protein C pathway in intestinal barrier function.
Serine protease that selectively cleaves Arg-Gly bonds in fibrinogen to form fibrin and fibrinopeptides A and B.
Unit Definition
Activity is expressed in NIH units obtained by direct comparison to a NIH Thrombin Reference Standard
Physical form
Lyophilized from saline sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.5
Analysis Note
The NIH assay procedure uses 0.2 ml diluted plasma (1:1 with saline) as a substrate and 0.1ml of thrombin sample (stabilized in a 1% buffered albumin solution) based on a modification of the method of Biggs. Only clotting times in the range of 15-25 seconds are used for determining thrombin concentrations.
Other Notes
View more information on thrombin at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Disclaimer
RESEARCH USE ONLY. This product is regulated in France when intended to be used for scientific purposes, including for import and export activities (Article L 1211-1 paragraph 2 of the Public Health Code). The purchaser (i.e. enduser) is required to obtain an import authorization from the France Ministry of Research referred in the Article L1245-5-1 II. of Public Health Code. By ordering this product, you are confirming that you have obtained the proper import authorization.
inhibitor
Product No.
Description
Pricing
Signal Word
Danger
Hazard Statements
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Classifications
Eye Irrit. 2 - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3
Target Organs
Respiratory system
Storage Class Code
13 - Non Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 2
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.
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Thrombin generation correlates with disease duration in multiple sclerosis (MS): Novel insights into the MS-associated prothrombotic state
Parsons MEM, et al.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 3(4) (2017)
Silvia D'Alessio et al.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1258, 78-85 (2012-06-27)
The protein C (PC) pathway is a well-characterized anticoagulant system. Produced mainly by the liver as a zymogen, PC is activated on the vascular endothelial cell surface by thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Once activated, PC inactivates two important cofactors of the coagulation
Effect of the scaffold microenvironment on cell polarizability and capacitance determined by probabilistic computations
Betancourt BA, et al.
Bio-medical materials and engineering, 13(2), 025012-025012 (2018)
Thrombin a-chain: activation remnant or allosteric effector?
Carter ISR, et al.
Thrombosis, 2010 (2010)
Howard Kim et al.
PloS one, 6(6), e21744-e21744 (2011-07-09)
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have great potential as a cell replacement therapy for spinal cord injury. However, poor control over transplant cell differentiation and survival remain major obstacles. In this study, we asked whether dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (dbcAMP), which was shown
Articles
Thrombin Factor IIa is an endolytic serine protease that selectively cleaves the Arg--Gly bonds of fibrinogen to form fibrin and release fibrinopeptides A and B.
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