Oxygen self-enriched nanoparticles functionalized with erythrocyte membranes for long circulation and enhanced phototherapy.

In recent years, indocyanine green (ICG) encapsulated in different kinds of nano-carriers have been developed to overcome its short lifetime in vivo and non-selectivity in cancer cells. However, these nanoparticles are still easily recognized and captured by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and the low singlet oxygen quantum (0.08) of ICG inevitably leads to a limited efficacy of phototherapy. To overcome these limitations, a novel oxygen self-enriched biomimetic red blood cell (RBC) was developed by cloaking albumin nanoparticles which contained ICG and perfluorocarbon (PFC) with RBC membranes. Due to the high oxygen capacity of PFC, the oxygen self-enriched nanoparticles can enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) by generating more singlet oxygen ( Near-infrared (NIR) dyes encapsulated in nanocarriers have been achieved great interest in cancer phototherapy treatment. However, the low singlet oxygen (