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Microtubule-Driven Stress Granule Dynamics Regulate Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Expression in T Cells.

Cell reports (2019-01-04)
Don-Marc Franchini, Olivia Lanvin, Marie Tosolini, Emilie Patras de Campaigno, Anne Cammas, Sarah Péricart, Clara-Maria Scarlata, Morgane Lebras, Cédric Rossi, Laetitia Ligat, Fréderic Pont, Paola B Arimondo, Camille Laurent, Maha Ayyoub, Fabien Despas, Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Stefania Millevoi, Jean-Jacques Fournié
RÉSUMÉ

Despite the clinical success of blocking inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in cancer, the mechanisms controlling the expression of these receptors have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identify a post-transcriptional mechanism regulating PD-1 expression in T cells. Upon activation, the PDCD1 mRNA and ribonucleoprotein complexes coalesce into stress granules that require microtubules and the kinesin 1 molecular motor to proceed to translation. Hence, PD-1 expression is highly sensitive to microtubule or stress granule inhibitors targeting this pathway. Evidence from healthy donors and cancer patients reveals a common regulation for the translation of CTLA4, LAG3, TIM3, TIGIT, and BTLA but not of the stimulatory co-receptors OX40, GITR, and 4-1BB mRNAs. In patients, disproportionality analysis of immune-related adverse events for currently used microtubule drugs unveils a significantly higher risk of autoimmunity. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism of immunoregulation with great importance in cancer immunotherapy.

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