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P7208

Sigma-Aldrich

Pertussis toxin

from Bordetella pertussis, lyophilized powder, protein endotoxin

Synonym(s):

Histamine-sensitizing factor, IAP, Islet Activating Protein, PTX, Pertussigen

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About This Item

CAS Number:
70323-44-3
MDL number:
MFCD00131841
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77

product name

Pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis, lyophilized powder

form

lyophilized powder

Quality Level

200

storage temp.

2-8°C

Gene Information

Bordetella pertussis Tohama I ... ptxA(2665068) , ptxB(2665069) , ptxC(2665408)

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General description

Pertussis toxin (PT) is a multi-subunit complex toxin that possesses one active subunit(A) and five binding subunits (B5). PT enters the mammalian cells via endocytosis by attaching itself to the glycosylated molecules on the surface of these cells.

Application

Pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis has been used: as a blocker of the Gαi subunit of the chemokine (CXCR4) receptor to measure the intracellular Ca2+ in breast cancer cell lines, to characterize the Gi signaling involved in ADP-induced tissue factor (TF) and P-selectin exposure, to induce autoimmune vasculitis in a rat model
The toxin is released from B. pertussis in an inactive form. When the pertussis toxin B oligomer binds to the cell membrane, the S1 subunit of its A protomer becomes activated, perhaps through the action of glutathione and ATP. A protocol for activating pertussis toxin in vitro is given by Kaslow, et al.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Pertussis toxin catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins Gi, Go, and Gt. This prevents the G protein heterotrimers from interacting with receptors, thus blocking their coupling and activation. Since the Gα subunits remain in their GDP-bound, inactive state, they are unable to inactivate adenylyl cyclase or open K+ channels.

Features and Benefits

This compound is a featured product for Cyclic Nucleotide research. Click here to discover more featured Cyclic Nucleotide products. Learn more about bioactive small molecules for other areas of research at sigma.com/discover-bsm.
This compound is featured on the G Proteins (Heterotrimeric) page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing sodium chloride and sodium phosphate buffer salts

Pictograms

Exclamation mark
GHS07

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statements

H315,H319,H335

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code

13 - Non Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 2

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Takashi Hosokawa et al.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 199(6), 2008-2019 (2017-08-05)
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1 integrates intracellular sufficiency of nutrients and regulates various cellular functions. Previous studies using mice with conditional knockout of mTORC1 component proteins (i.e., mTOR, Raptor, and Rheb) gave conflicting results on the roles of mTORC1
Wendy Atkinson et al.
PloS one, 7(3), e33671-e33671 (2012-03-30)
An alternative hypothesis has been proposed implicating chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a potential cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis in a controlled animal model. Animal experiments were approved by the
Orr Ofek et al.
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 26(2), 308-316 (2010-08-31)
CB2 is a Gi protein-coupled receptor activated by endo- and phytocannabinoids, thus inhibiting stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. CB2 is expressed in bone cells and Cb2 null mice show a marked age-related bone loss. CB2-specific agonists both attenuate and rescue ovariectomy-induced
Jian Li et al.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 58(10), 4193-4200 (2017-08-25)
To accurately evaluate the autoimmune inflammation, we aim to develop three quantitative measurements to monitor the inflammatory changes in the retina: retinal-choroidal thickness, major retinal vessel diameter, and electroretinography amplitudes. During a 21-day experimental period, eyes were examined by confocal
Mary J Mattapallil et al.
Journal of autoimmunity, 102, 65-76 (2019-05-14)
IL-22 has opposing effects in different tissues, from pro-inflammatory (skin, joints) to protective (liver, intestine) but little is known about its effects on neuroinflammation. We examined the effect of IL-22 on retinal tissue by using the model of experimental autoimmune
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