The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios.

The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-08-12)

Nathalie Adam, Frédéric Leroux, Dries Knapen, Sara Bals, Ronny Blust

ABSTRACT

In this study the uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles by Daphnia magna was tested. Daphnids were exposed during 48 h to acute concentrations of the nanoparticles and corresponding metal salts. The Daphnia zinc and copper concentration was measured and the nanoparticles were localized using electron microscopy. The aggregation and dissolution in the medium was characterized. A fast dissolution of ZnO in the medium was observed, while most CuO formed large aggregates and only a small fraction dissolved. The Daphnia zinc concentration was comparable for the nanoparticles and salts. Contrarily, a much higher Daphnia copper concentration was observed in the CuO exposure, compared to the copper salt. CuO nanoparticles adsorbed onto the carapace and occurred in the gut but did not internalize in the tissues. The combined dissolution and uptake results indicate that the toxicity of both nanoparticle types was caused by metal ions dissolved from the particles in the medium.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

BCR054R

Copper (O), BCR^®, certified reference material, rod

311405

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, ACS reagent, granular, 10-40 mesh, ≥99.90%

223409

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, shot, −3-+14 mesh, 99%

203122

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, powder, 99.99% trace metals basis

BCR017B

Copper (S, P), BCR^®, certified reference material, chips

GF54025792

Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.2mm, inside diameter 0.56mm, wall thickness 0.32mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF88932066

Copper, rod, 500mm, diameter 9.5mm, hard, 99.9%

GF80619992

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.5mm, inside diameter 0.6mm, wall thickness 0.45mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF31651455

Copper, rod, 50mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF16408425

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.5mm, inside diameter 1.9mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF29372441

Copper, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, precision sphere grade 200

GF52942226

Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.65mm, inside diameter 0.21mm, wall thickness 0.22mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF19533090

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.75mm, inside diameter 0.33mm, wall thickness 0.71mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF76135631

Copper, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF54651146

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.25mm, inside diameter 0.05mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF51455459

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GF22027799

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 4.93mm, wall thickness 0.71mm, as drawn, 99.9%

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Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.95mm, inside diameter 0.29mm, wall thickness 0.33mm, as drawn, 99.9%

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Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.010mm, hard, 99.95+%

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Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.0mm, half hard, 99.95+%

GF51177854

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.95+%