T0157

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α human

TNF-α, recombinant, expressed in yeast, buffered aqueous solution, suitable for cell culture

• Synonym(s): hTNF-α, TNF-α
• CAS Number: 94948-59-1
• MDL number: MFCD00148692
• UNSPSC Code: 12352202
• NACRES: NA.77

Properties

• biological source: human
• recombinant: expressed in yeast
• Assay: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
• form: buffered aqueous solution
• potency: >1x108 units/mg ED₅₀
• quality: endotoxin tested
• specific activity: ≥2 × 10⁷ U/mg
• mol wt: ~17.4 kDa
• packaging: pkg of 10 μg
• storage condition: avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles
• concentration: 0.1-10 mg/mL
• technique(s): cell culture | mammalian: suitable
• impurities: <10 EU/mLtested (LAL test)
• color: colorless
• UniProt accession no.: P01375
• shipped in: dry ice
• storage temp.: −20°C
• Gene Information: human ... TNF(7124)

Description

General description

TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) belongs to the TNF superfamily and is mapped to human chromosome 6p21.33.

Application

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α human has been used to study the differential regulation of microRNA-146a , CFH (complement factor-H), IRAK-1 (interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-1) and tetraspanin-12 in primary brain cell cultures in presence of TNF-α. To determine the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) expression using ELISA.

Biochem/physiol Actions

TNF-α is associated with formation, growth and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. TNF-α is involved in the disease progression of osteoarthritis.

Tumore necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also known as cachectin, is expressed as a 26 kDa membrane bound protein and is then cleaved by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to release the soluble 17 kDa monomer, which forms homotrimers in circulation. TNF-α plays roles in antitumor activity, immune modulation, inflammation, anorexia, cachexia, septic shock, viral replication and hematopoiesis. TNF-α is expressed by a great variety of cells, with numerous inductive and suppressive agents. Primarily, TNF-α is produced by macrophages in response to immunological challenges such as bacteria (lipopolysaccharides), viruses, parasites, mitogens and other cytokines. TNF-α is cytotoxic for many transformed cells (its namesake activity) but in normal diploid cells, it can stimulate proliferation (fibroblasts), differentiation (myeloid cells) or activation (neutrophils). TNF-α also shows antiviral effects against both DNA and RNA viruses and it induces production of several other cytokines. Although TNF-α is used in clinical trials as an antitumor agent, Sigma′s cytokine, growth factor and hormone products are for research only. TNF-α and the related molecule TNF-β (LT-α) share close structural homology with 28% amino acid sequence identity and both activate the same TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Mouse and human TNF-α share 79% amino acid sequence identity. Unlike human TNF-α, the mouse form is N-glycosylated.

Physical form

Solution in phosphate buffered saline containing 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin.

Analysis Note

The cytolytic activity of TNF-α against WEHI 164 cells has been measured in culture using an MTT toxicity assay. The ED50 is defined as the concentration of TNF-alpha that mediates half-maximal cytotoxicity in the presence of 1 micro-g/ml actinomycin D.

Safety Information

• Storage Class Code: 12 - Non Combustible Liquids
• WGK: WGK 3
• Flash Point(F): Not applicable
• Flash Point(C): Not applicable
• Personal Protective Equipment: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves