Evaluation of fluorescent plasma markers for in vivo microscopy of the microcirculation.

This study evaluated four fluorescent-protein conjugates to monitor microcirculatory variables using the murine cremaster muscle and determined acute and long-term responses to repeated administration of FITC-BSA [conjugated at the University of Sheffield (UoS)] within a dorsal microcirculatory chamber (DMC) in rats. For analysis of the cremaster muscle, male C3H/HeN mice were anaesthetized, the cremaster muscle was exteriorized, then TRITC-BSA, TRITC-dextran, FITC-BSA, FITC-BSA (UoS) or FITC-dextran (0.25 ml/100 g) were administered systemically. The microcirculation was viewed with epi-illumination every 10 min for 120 min. For analysis of the DMC, male Wistar rats were implanted with the chamber. Three weeks later, FITC-BSA (UoS) was administered systemically, and the microcirculation response was monitored using three different protocols. In addition, in vitro stability of fluorescent conjugates was measured over 8 h. With regard to the cremaster muscle, initially no differences in interstitial fluorescence or vessel diameter were observed between the four fluorescent conjugates. By the end of the study, interstitial fluorescence from TRITC-dextran, FITC-dextran and FITC-BSA (Sigma) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to FITC-BSA (UoS). With regard to the DMC, there was no interstitial fluorescence leakage after 180 min or 5 weeks despite repeated administration, but a significant (p < 0.05) leak was detected between 4 and 24 h. FITC-BSA (UoS) was the most stable fluorescent conjugate both in vitro and in vivo and was comparable with other conjugates for evaluating skeletal muscle microcirculation using fluorescent in vivo microscopy.