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  • Changes in the nitrogen removal performance and the properties of granular sludge in an Anammox system under oxytetracycline (OTC) stress.

Changes in the nitrogen removal performance and the properties of granular sludge in an Anammox system under oxytetracycline (OTC) stress.

Bioresource technology (2012-12-13)
Guang-Feng Yang, Qian-Qian Zhang, Ren-Cun Jin
ABSTRACT

The short- and long-term effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process were evaluated. The OTC inhibition of Anammox was substrate-, and especially nitrite-, dependent. The IC50 of OTC in the batch tests on an Anammox mixed culture was calculated to be 517.5 mg L(-1). The long-term effects of OTC on the Anammox process were examined in a continuous-flow upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Fifty milligrams per liter of OTC significantly decreased the nitrogen removal rate from 12.4 to 2 kg N m(-3) d(-1) within 26 days. The recovery of Anammox performance after OTC inhibition was accelerated by adding biocatalyst. In contrast to the modified Stover-Kincannon model, the modified Boltzmann model accurately simulated the recovery of Anammox performance. OTC presented in the influent led to sludge hardening and cell lysis. A poor settling property of Anammox sludge was also observed.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Oxytetracycline dihydrate, Assay (anhydrous basis) 95.0%-102.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Millipore
Oxytetra Selective Supplement, suitable for microbiology