- Occurrence and fate of parabens and their metabolites in five sewage treatment plants in India.
Occurrence and fate of parabens and their metabolites in five sewage treatment plants in India.
The Science of the total environment (2017-04-01)
Rajendiran Karthikraj, Anuji K Vasu, Keshava Balakrishna, Ravindra K Sinha, Kurunthachalam Kannan
PMID28360009
ABSTRACT
Parabens (p-hydroxy benzoic acid esters) are antimicrobial agents, used widely as preservatives in personal care products (PCPs), pharmaceuticals, foods, and beverages. PCPs that contain parabens are a major source of these chemicals in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Very few studies have demonstrated the occurrence of parabens in wastewater. In this study, the occurrence and fate of six parabens, methyl-(MeP), ethyl-(EtP), propyl-(PrP), butyl-(BuP), hepty-(HpP) and benzyl-(BzP) parabens, and five of their metabolites (4-HB, 3,4-DHB, OH-MeP, OH-EtP and BA) were studied in five STPs in India. The concentrations of parent parabens (∑