病原体和腐败检测
病原体检测可鉴定生产环境、成分或制成品中可能危害消费者的致病性生物。病原体包括可能引发宿主疾病的特定细菌菌株、病毒、真菌或寄生虫。为确保消费者安全并符合严格的食品安全法规指南，从原材料到终产品筛查的整个生产过程中都要持续进行病原体检测。
病原体检测方法
- 基于培养方法的传统增菌方法、铺板法和快速铺板方案
- 即用型培养基法
- ELISA和免疫检测技术
- PCR和分子检测
- 侧向层析检测
指示生物
病原体检测旨在鉴定特定病原体，而指示生物检测旨在鉴定整体的卫生和安全性。指示生物指本身并无致病性但可指示是否存在病原体的微生物。检出指示生物即表示产品已接触可能引起高病原体污染风险的条件。鉴于病原体可能难以检出，指示生物检测常用作补充方法评估产品或制造环境洁净情况。
微生物腐败检测
微生物腐败检测工艺旨在测定是否存在引发产品变质、影响质量和安全性的腐败微生物。这类微生物包括革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌，以及酵母和霉菌。腐败微生物并无致病性，但会引起产品质地、气味、味道、颜色等物理或化学性质改变，使其不宜使用。腐败可能会发生在食品链的任何环节，需纳入微生物质量控制措施。此类检测因不同行业的腐败参数而异。
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