Skip to Content
MilliporeSigma
  • What the devil is in your phytomedicine? Exploring species substitution in Harpagophytum through chemometric modeling of 1H-NMR and UHPLC-MS datasets.

What the devil is in your phytomedicine? Exploring species substitution in Harpagophytum through chemometric modeling of 1H-NMR and UHPLC-MS datasets.

Phytochemistry (2014-07-22)
Nontobeko P Mncwangi, Alvaro M Viljoen, Jianping Zhao, Ilze Vermaak, Wei Chen, Ikhlas Khan
ABSTRACT

Harpagophytum procumbens (Pedaliaceae) and its close taxonomical ally Harpagophytum zeyheri, indigenous to southern Africa, are being harvested for exportation to Europe where phytomedicines are developed to treat inflammation-related disorders. The phytochemical variation within and between natural populations of H. procumbens (n=241) and H. zeyheri (n=107) was explored using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis methods. The UHPLC-MS results revealed significant variation in the harpagoside content: H. procumbens (0.17-4.37%); H. zeyheri (0.00-3.07%). Only 41% of the H. procumbens samples and 17% of the H. zeyheri samples met the pharmacopoeial specification of ⩾1.2%. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated separation based on species (UHPLC-MS data OPLS-DA model statistics: R(2)X=0.258, R(2)Y (cum)=0.957 and Q(2)(cum)=0.934; (1)H-NMR data OPLS-DA model statistics: R(2)X=0.830, R(2)Y=0.865 (cum) and Q(2)(cum)=0.829). It was concluded that two species are not chemically equivalent and should not be used interchangeably.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, ≥99%, AR grade
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Harpagoside, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
SAFC
Sodium chloride solution, 5 M
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, BioPerformance Certified, ≥99% (titration), suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Supelco
Methanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Harpagoside, primary reference standard
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.8% (GC)
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, Laboratory Reagent, ≥99.6%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS spectrophotometric grade, ≥99.9%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, BioReagent, ≥99.93%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph Eur, ≥99.7% (GC)
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, Absolute - Acetone free
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Supelco
Sodium chloride, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, AR, ≥99.9%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride solution, 0.9% in water, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, ≥99%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, for molecular biology, DNase, RNase, and protease, none detected, ≥99% (titration)
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, BioXtra, ≥99.5% (AT)
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.0-100.5%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, AnhydroBeads, −10 mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Supelco
Sodium chloride, reference material for titrimetry, certified by BAM, >99.5%
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, 99.999% trace metals basis
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride-35Cl, 99 atom % 35Cl
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium chloride, random crystals, optical grade, 99.9% trace metals basis
SKU
Pack Size
Availability
Price
Quantity