Skip to Content
Merck
  • Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken feces - a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with LC-MS/MS.

Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken feces - a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with LC-MS/MS.

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology (2014-10-13)
Franziska Janusch, Gesine Scherz, Siegrun A I Mohring, Gerd Hamscher
ABSTRACT

The application of antibiotics including fluoroquinolones to farming animals is widespread and may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance and other environmental effects. To calculate environmental loads and for a proper risk assessment it is necessary to determine the antibiotic concentration in feces. Therefore, a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with HPLC-MS/MS for the detection of marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and difloxacin in chicken feces was developed. Recoveries ranged from 51.0% to 83.5%. LOQs were between 0.10 and 1.09μg/kg. Feces of chickens treated with an enrofloxacin dosage of 10mg/kg bodyweight revealed maximum enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations of 61.3 and 18.8mg/kg. Both antibiotics could be detected in feces up to two days after the last application in notable amounts (∼1mg/kg). Thus, feces of recently medicated chickens should not be used as a fertilizer without any further processing.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate monobasic, Vetec, reagent grade, 99%
Difloxacin hydrochloride, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Enrofloxacin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethyl acetate
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethyl acetate
Sigma-Aldrich
Potassium phosphate dibasic, Vetec, reagent grade, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Vetec, reagent grade, 98%
Ciprofloxacin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Phosphoric acid, ≥85 wt. % in H2O, ≥99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, 0.02% in DPBS (0.5 mM), sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
2-Propanol, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, 99.9%, poly coated bottles
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethyl acetate, anhydrous, 99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Phosphoric acid, 85 wt. % in H2O, 99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
2-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Phosphoric acid-16O4 solution, 70 wt. % in D2O, 99.9 atom % 16O
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium hydroxide-16O solution, 20 wt. % in H216O, 99.9 atom % 16O
Supelco
Ciprofloxacin-d8 hydrochloride hydrate, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Supelco
Ciprofloxacin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
2-Propanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Enrofloxacin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
2-Propanol, electronic grade, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethyl acetate, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, 99.9%
Sigma-Aldrich
Phosphoric acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, FCC, 85.0-88.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethyl acetate, biotech. grade, ≥99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid, ACS reagent, ≥96%
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid, puriss., meets analytical specifications of DAC, FCC, 98.0-100%
Supelco
Difloxacin hydrochloride, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Supelco
Dichloromethane, Selectophore, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Phosphoric acid, ACS reagent, ≥85 wt. % in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate monobasic solution, BioUltra, 5 M in H2O