How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

ABSTRACT

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

IRMM523A

Aluminum, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.1 mm foil

326860

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

GF33402226

Aluminum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95+%

GF90308538

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF38084430

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 1.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF86639811

Aluminum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+%

GF22816830

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95+%

GF70878976

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5%

338788

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, pellets, 3-12 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

GF33055185

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF19881928

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF74590724

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin glass fiber 0.5mm, 99.9%

GF14206047

Aluminum, foam, 33x140mm, thickness 20mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF12106897

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 4 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF04614724

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF46654375

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 13.9mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin aluminum 0.55mm, 99.9%

GF99626103

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 4.8mm, cell wall 0.038mm, core density 0.070g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF26812043

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF51278070

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF31796725

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin glass fiber 0.5mm, 99.9%

GF70010222

Aluminum, honeycomb, 150x150mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF04958084

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF07499010

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 10mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

266957

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

326852

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF87115271

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF24582900

Aluminum, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF15509101

Aluminum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.96mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.28mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF21371082

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.7mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF97088068

Aluminum, rod, 500mm, diameter 12.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%