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Nanoflow electrospinning serial femtosecond crystallography.

Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography (2012-10-24)
Raymond G Sierra, Hartawan Laksmono, Jan Kern, Rosalie Tran, Johan Hattne, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Benedikt Lassalle-Kaiser, Carina Glöckner, Julia Hellmich, Donald W Schafer, Nathaniel Echols, Richard J Gildea, Ralf W Grosse-Kunstleve, Jonas Sellberg, Trevor A McQueen, Alan R Fry, Marc M Messerschmidt, Alan Miahnahri, M Marvin Seibert, Christina Y Hampton, Dmitri Starodub, N Duane Loh, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Tsu-Chien Weng, Petrus H Zwart, Pieter Glatzel, Despina Milathianaki, William E White, Paul D Adams, Garth J Williams, Sébastien Boutet, Athina Zouni, Johannes Messinger, Nicholas K Sauter, Uwe Bergmann, Junko Yano, Vittal K Yachandra, Michael J Bogan
PMID23090408
ABSTRACT

An electrospun liquid microjet has been developed that delivers protein microcrystal suspensions at flow rates of 0.14-3.1 µl min(-1) to perform serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) studies with X-ray lasers. Thermolysin microcrystals flowed at 0.17 µl min(-1) and diffracted to beyond 4 Å resolution, producing 14,000 indexable diffraction patterns, or four per second, from 140 µg of protein. Nanoflow electrospinning extends SFX to biological samples that necessitate minimal sample consumption.