Bio-palladium: from metal recovery to catalytic applications.

Bio-palladium: from metal recovery to catalytic applications.

Microbial biotechnology (2011-05-11)

Simon De Corte, Tom Hennebel, Bart De Gusseme, Willy Verstraete, Nico Boon

ABSTRACT

While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their sustainable recycling and production are required. Since Pd catalysts exist nowadays mostly under the form of nanoparticles, these particles need to be produced in an environment-friendly way. Biological synthesis of Pd nanoparticles ('bio-Pd') is an innovative method for both metal recovery and nanocatalyst synthesis. This review will discuss the different bio-Pd precipitating microorganisms, the applications of the catalyst (both for environmental purposes and in organic chemistry) and the state of the art of the reactors based on the bio-Pd concept. In addition, some main challenges are discussed, which need to be overcome in order to create a sustainable nanocatalyst. Finally, some outlooks for bio-Pd in environmental technology are presented.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

203998

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder or granules, 99.99% trace metals basis

203939

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis

287474

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

464651

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <75 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

348694

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

348643

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

326666

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

373206

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, evaporation slug, diam. × L 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm, 99.95% trace metals basis

267112

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

267120

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

348678

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

267082

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, sponge, 99.9% trace metals basis

686468

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (TEM), ≥99.5%

GF21222447

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF73243717

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.95%

GF94758991

Palladium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.047mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF99402510

Palladium, microfoil, disks, 50mm, thinness 0.05μm, specific density 63.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%

GF19845120

Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 4.0mm, 99.95%

GF03499016

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF81049394

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0025mm, 99.95%

GF35916868

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF08208277

Palladium, microfoil, disks, 50mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 119.2μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%

GF70629880

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.95%

GF47081437

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF03781863

Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF35974356

Palladium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.95%

GF90054659

Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%

GF75251909

Palladium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.05μm, specific density 63.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%

GF51599425

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.95%

GF79580638

Palladium, microfoil, disks, 50mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 303.4μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%