Anti-cancer effect of marchantin C via inducing lung cancer cellular senescence associated with less secretory phenotype.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer deaths. Current chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancer treatment are generally accompanied with severe side effects. Here, we report that marchantin C (Mar-C), a potential natural compound with little chemotherapeutic toxicity, exerts a well anti-tumor effect against lung cancer via inducing cellular senescence. The antitumor activity of Mar-C was evaluated by MTT and colony formation in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and xenograft and homograft in vivo model. Antitumor mechanisms of Mar-C were investigated through SA-β-gal staining, Q-PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, protein array and siRNA knocking-down analysis. Mar-C selectively induces senescence of lung cancer cells with limited cytotoxicity on normal or non-neoplastic cells. Mar-C-induced senescence was associated with the elevation of ROS and activation of DNA-damage, and largely dependent of prolonged p21CIP1 accumulation. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) induced by Mar-C was distinct from doxorubicin-induced. Furthermore, Mar-C exhibited an inhibitory activity on tumor growth with little toxicity in animal studies, and significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice than that of doxorubicin or vehicle treatments. Mar-C selectively inhibited tumor growth via the induction of cancer cell senescence and had little chemotherapeutic toxicity, suggesting the potential of Mar-C as a promising anticancer agent. This study provided evidence to identify a novelty of Mar-C that exerted antitumor activity on lung cancer through induction of senescence with limited toxicity.