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A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

Nanoscale (2015-07-01)

Dennis B Pacardo, Bhanu Neupane, S Michaela Rikard, Yue Lu, Ran Mo, Sumeet R Mishra, Joseph B Tracy, Gufeng Wang, Frances S Ligler, Zhen Gu

ABSTRACT

A multifunctional gold nanorod (AuNR) complex is described with potential utility for theranostic anticancer treatment. The AuNR was functionalized with cyclodextrin for encapsulation of doxorubicin, with folic acid for targeting, and with a photo-responsive dextran-azo compound for intracellular controlled drug release. The interaction of a AuNR complex with HeLa cells was facilitated via a folic acid targeting ligand as displayed in the dark-field images of cells. Enhanced anticancer efficacy was demonstrated through the synergistic combination of promoted drug release upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and photothermal therapy upon infrared (IR) irradiation. This multifunctional AuNR-based system represents a novel theranostic strategy for spatiotemporal delivery of anticancer therapeutics.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

N,N-Dimethylformamide, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

Supelco

Dichloromethane solution, contains 10 % (v/v) methanol

Sigma-Aldrich

Silver nitrate, BioReagent, suitable for plant cell culture, >99% (titration)

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Trypan Blue, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture

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L-Ascorbic acid, powder, suitable for cell culture, γ-irradiated

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L-Ascorbic acid, reagent grade, crystalline

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L-Ascorbic acid, suitable for cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, ≥98%

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L-Ascorbic acid, BioXtra, ≥99.0%, crystalline

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L-Ascorbic acid, meets USP testing specifications

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L-Ascorbic acid, reagent grade

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VenPure^® SF, powder

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11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid, 98%

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Sodium borohydride solution, 2.0 M in triethylene glycol dimethyl ether

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L-Ascorbic acid, FCC, FG

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Silver nitrate, anhydrous, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, Vetec^™, reagent grade, 99%

Supelco

Ethanol standards 10% (v/v), 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, for molecular biology

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, PCR Reagent

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.5% (GC), suitable for plant cell culture

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, Hybri-Max^™, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%

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Silver nitrate solution, 2.5 % (w/v) AgNO₃ in H₂O

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (GC)

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets EP testing specifications, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

N,N-Dimethylformamide, for molecular biology, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma

Sigma-Aldrich

Silver nitrate on silica gel, extent of labeling: ~10 wt. % loading, +230 mesh

Sigma-Aldrich

N,N-Dimethylformamide, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%