Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24 months of age.

Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24 months of age.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-02-04)

Rejane C Marques, José V E Bernardi, José G Dórea, Maria de Fatima R Moreira, Olaf Malm

ABSTRACT

We studied neurodevelopment in infants from two communities. Children living in the vicinity of tin-ore kilns and smelters - TOKS; n = 51) were compared to children from a fishing village (Itapuã; n = 45). Mean hair-Hg (HHg) concentrations were significantly higher in Itapuã children which received significantly (p = 0.0000001) less mean ethylmercury (88.6 μg) from Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV) than the TOKS children (120 μg). Breast-milk Pb concentrations were significantly higher in the TOKS mothers (p = 0.000017; 10.04 vs. 3.9 μg L(-1)). Bayley mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) were statistically significant (respectively p < 0.0000001, p = 0.000007) lower for the TOKS children only at 24 months of age. Multivariate regression analysis showed that MDI was negatively affected by breast-milk Pb and by HHg. PDI was positively affected by breastfeeding and negatively affected by ethylmercury. Milestone achievements were negatively affected by breast-milk Pb (age of walking) and by HHg (age of talking).

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

11009

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, powder, ≥91% (complexometric)

202584

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Aluminum, powder, <75 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

IRMM523B

Aluminum, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 1.0 mm foil

IRMM523C

Aluminum, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 1.0 mm wire

653608

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Aluminum, powder, <5 μm particle size, 99.5% trace metals basis

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Aluminum, foam, 300x400mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

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Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin aluminum 0.55mm, 99.9%

GF03467202

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 52.3mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin glass fiber 0.75mm, 99.9%

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Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin carbon fiber / epoxy, 99.9%

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Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 13.9mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin aluminum 0.55mm, 99.9%

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Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

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Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin carbon fiber / epoxy, 99.9%

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Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

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Aluminum, microleaf disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 68.8μg/cm², removable support, 99.999%

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