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  • IL-9 regulates allergen-specific Th1 responses in allergic contact dermatitis.

IL-9 regulates allergen-specific Th1 responses in allergic contact dermatitis.

The Journal of investigative dermatology (2014-02-04)
Juan Liu, Erin Harberts, Antonella Tammaro, Nicholas Girardi, Renata B Filler, Rita Fishelevich, Angela Temann, Paula Licona-Limón, Michael Girardi, Richard A Flavell, Anthony A Gaspari
ABSTRACT

The cytokine IL-9, derived primarily from T-helper 9 (Th9) lymphocytes, promotes expansion of the Th2 subset and is implicated in the mechanisms of allergic asthma. We hypothesize that IL-9 also has a role in human allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To investigate this hypothesis, skin biopsy specimens of positive patch-test sites from non-atopic patients were assayed using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-9, and PU.1, a Th9 associated transcription factor, were elevated when compared with paired normal skin. Immunohistochemistry on ACD skin biopsies identified PU.1+ CD3+ and PU.1+ CD4+ cells, consistent with Th9 lymphocytes, in the inflammatory infiltrate. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nickel-allergic patients, but not nonallergic controls, show significant IL-9 production in response to nickel. Blocking studies with mAbs to HLA-DR (but not HLA-A, -B, -C) or chloroquine significantly reduced this nickel-specific IL-9 production. In addition, blockade of IL-9 or IL-4 enhanced allergen-specific IFN-γ production. A contact hypersensitivity model using IL-9(-/-) mice shows enhanced Th1 lymphocyte immune responses, when compared with wild-type mice, consistent with our human in vitro data. This study demonstrates that IL-9, through its direct effects on Th1 and ability to promote IL-4 secretion, has a regulatory role for Th1 lymphocytes in ACD.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Nickel, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.95%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.15mm, coil width 12mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.125mm, coil width 50mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.98%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.98%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
Nickel, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Nickel, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.98%
Nickel, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Nickel, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.4mm, as drawn, 99%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.95%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.038mm, 99.9%
Nickel, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.004mm, hard, 99%
Nickel, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.20mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.98%
Nickel, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.125mm, coil width 50mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.98%
Nickel, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.98%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, 99.9%
Nickel, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.005mm, as rolled, 99.9%
Nickel, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99%
Nickel, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.0125mm, annealed, 99%
Nickel, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.999%
Nickel, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.3mm, as rolled, 99.999%
Nickel, mesh, 30x30mm, nominal aperture 0.04mm, thickness 0.004mm, wire diameter 0.011mm, 500 wires/inch, open area 60%, electro-formed mesh, 99.9%