How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

ABSTRACT

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

266957

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

338788

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, pellets, 3-12 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

326860

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

326852

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

266574

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF33055185

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF04958084

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF14206047

Aluminum, foam, 33x140mm, thickness 20mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF26812043

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF28638692

Aluminum, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.0+%

GF38084430

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 1.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF70878976

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF01823284

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF27325942

Aluminum, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF88696928

Aluminum, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF55775470

Aluminum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.7mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF82602907

Aluminum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF32887244

Aluminum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF36655386

Aluminum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF22816830

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95+%

GF81923238

Aluminum, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF89409673

Aluminum, wire reel, 500m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF38294646

Aluminum, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF98449576

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF70442209

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF21518850

Aluminum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

326941

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, pellets, 3-8 mesh, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

518573

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, granular, <1 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

266558

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

202584

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, powder, <75 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis