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Bio-palladium: from metal recovery to catalytic applications.

Bio-palladium: from metal recovery to catalytic applications.

Microbial biotechnology (2011-05-11)

Simon De Corte, Tom Hennebel, Bart De Gusseme, Willy Verstraete, Nico Boon

ABSTRACT

While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their sustainable recycling and production are required. Since Pd catalysts exist nowadays mostly under the form of nanoparticles, these particles need to be produced in an environment-friendly way. Biological synthesis of Pd nanoparticles ('bio-Pd') is an innovative method for both metal recovery and nanocatalyst synthesis. This review will discuss the different bio-Pd precipitating microorganisms, the applications of the catalyst (both for environmental purposes and in organic chemistry) and the state of the art of the reactors based on the bio-Pd concept. In addition, some main challenges are discussed, which need to be overcome in order to create a sustainable nanocatalyst. Finally, some outlooks for bio-Pd in environmental technology are presented.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, evaporation slug, diam. × L 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm, 99.95% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, sponge, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (TEM), ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.95%

Palladium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%

Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%

Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%

Palladium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Palladium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.95%

Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 4.0mm, 99.95%

Palladium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Palladium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.95%

Palladium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%

Palladium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Palladium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Palladium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Palladium, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width 2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Palladium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.50mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Palladium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Palladium, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width 2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder or granules, 99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <75 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis