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Cell biology of molybdenum in plants and humans.

Biochimica et biophysica acta (2012-03-01)
Ralf R Mendel, Tobias Kruse
ABSTRACT

The transition element molybdenum (Mo) needs to be complexed by a special cofactor in order to gain catalytic activity. With the exception of bacterial Mo-nitrogenase, where Mo is a constituent of the FeMo-cofactor, Mo is bound to a pterin, thus forming the molybdenum cofactor Moco, which in different variants is the active compound at the catalytic site of all other Mo-containing enzymes. In eukaryotes, the most prominent Mo-enzymes are nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and the mitochondrial amidoxime reductase. The biosynthesis of Moco involves the complex interaction of six proteins and is a process of four steps, which also requires iron, ATP and copper. After its synthesis, Moco is distributed to the apoproteins of Mo-enzymes by Moco-carrier/binding proteins. A deficiency in the biosynthesis of Moco has lethal consequences for the respective organisms. In humans, Moco deficiency is a severe inherited inborn error in metabolism resulting in severe neurodegeneration in newborns and causing early childhood death. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Molybdenum, rod, 500mm, diameter 12mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.5mm, inside diameter 0.95mm, wall thickness 0.275mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 200mm, diameter 1.25mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 6.4mm, inside diameter 4.6mm, wall thickness 0.9mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 100mm, diameter 25mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.05mm, annealed, 99.95%
Molybdenum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.7mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 500mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 500mm, diameter 15.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.3mm, wall thickness 0.35mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.98%
Molybdenum, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.25mm, annealed, 99.95%
Molybdenum, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.15mm, inside diameter 2.39mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 100mm, diameter 3.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.15mm, inside diameter 2.39mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 200mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 100mm, diameter 15.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.7mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.0mm, inside diameter 5.6mm, wall thickness 0.20mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.15mm, inside diameter 2.39mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 6.0mm, inside diameter 5.6mm, wall thickness 0.20mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, rod, 50mm, diameter 20.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.035mm, as drawn, 99.95%
Molybdenum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%