Green and efficient biosynthesis of pectin-based copper nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activities.

Herein, we reported a green biosynthesis method of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) at microwave irradiation condition by using pectin as a stabilizer and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. Under the optimum conditions, CuNPs1 and 2 were synthesized under microwave times 0 and 3 min, respectively. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests showed that CuNPs1 and 2 had irregular polygon particles with average diameters of 61.9 ± 19.4 and 40.9 ± 13.6 nm, respectively. Zeta potentials of CuNPs1 and 2 were -45.2 and -48.7 mV, respectively. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the properties of CuNPs. Furthermore, inhibition zone tests showed that CuNPs2 exhibited higher antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus japonicus than CuNPs1. The antibacterial activities were also studied by the bacterial growth kinetics in broth media, and CuNPs2 exhibited lower minimum bactericidal concentrations than CuNPs1.