Simulating concentration of bensulphuron-methyl in a drainage canal of a paddy block using a rice pesticide model.

A pesticide fate and transport model (PCPF-B) was developed to predict the runoff of pesticides from paddy plots to a drainage canal in a paddy block based on the plot scale model (PCPF-1). The block-scale model now comprises three modules: (1) a module for pesticide application, (2) a module for pesticide behaviour in paddy fields, and (3) a module for pesticide concentration in the drainage canal. The PCPF-B model was first evaluated using published data in a single plot and then was applied to predict the concentration of bensulphuron-methyl in one paddy block in the Sakura river basin, Ibaraki, Japan, where a detailed field survey was conducted. The PCPF-B model simulated well the concentration of bensulphuron-methyl in individual paddy plots. It also reflected the runoff pattern of bensulphuron-methyl at the block outlet, although overestimation of bensulphuron-methyl concentrations occurred due to uncertainty in water balance estimation. A sensitivity analysis showed that the soil adsorption coefficient of the herbicide had the greatest influence on the concentrations and cumulative loss of bensulphuron-methyl to the drainage canal.