Clinical experiences with drospirenone: from reproductive to postmenopausal years.

To review the scientific publications concerning the clinical use of drospirenone (DRSP) as the progestin in combined oral contraceptives (OCs), and as hormone treatment for menopause. This is a retrospective study of published information concerning DRSP retrieved from both a PubMed and a personal search. DRSP is a progestin with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activities that confer special clinical relevance. The OC containing ethinyl estradiol (either 30 or 20 microg/day) and DRSP (3 mg) has been shown to be highly efficacious and to provide safety equivalent to that of other OC formulations. These OCs appear to improve many of the symptoms associated with premenstrual complaints and dysphoric disorders, including negative mood, water retention and increased appetite. The comparative safety and efficacy of newer OC formulations is difficult to establish since only a few randomized controlled trials have compared newer OCs in a head-to-head manner, and because pregnancy rates with today's OCs are so low that demonstrating a significant difference in efficacy would require very large sample sizes. The combined daily administration of DRSP and estradiol valerate has been reported to reduce most of the frequent climacteric symptoms and to provide a slight reduction in blood pressure, preventing fluid retention and hypertension. The unwanted effects related with DRSP are minor and not medically serious. Therefore, the follow-up rate is high in both OC and menopause treatments.