LDL S-homocysteinylation decrease in chronic kidney disease patients undergone lipid lowering therapy.

The dyslipidemia control through lipid lowering therapy is one of the targets for the treatment of CKD. By this pilot study we aimed to evaluate the effect of hypolipidemic drugs on the levels of low molecular weight (LMW) thiols bound to LDL in nephropatic patients. We enrolled thirty CKD randomized to receive three different hypolipidemic regimens: simvastatin alone (40 mg/day) or ezetimibe/simvastatin combined therapy (10/20 or 10/40 mg/day). LMW thiols in their reduced and total form, oxidative stress indices as malondialdehyde and allantoin/uric acid ratio were evaluated. LDL thiolation decreased in all treated patients, but a greater efficacy was attained from a combined therapy with a higher simvastatin dose, by which a 31% decrease of all S-bound thiols was reached after 1 year of therapy. In particular, in this patients group the reduction of apoB-Hcy was greater than 40%. The concomitant decrease of the oxidative stress indices during the therapy brings to the hypothesis that decreased levels of protein bound thiols may be a consequence of oxidative stress improvement. Therefore lipid lowering therapy may have beneficial effects also through the reduction of LDL-S-homocysteinylation that has been reported to have antiangiogenic and proatherogenic effect on endothelial vascular cells.