Introduction to Yeast Media
Introduction
![typical-yeast-cell Diagram of a typical yeast cell](/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/microbiological-testing/microbial-culture-media-preparation/typical-yeast-cell/typical-yeast-cell.jpg)
Figure 1.A Typical Yeast Cell
Yeasts are eukaryotic microorganisms whose genomes have been comprehensively studied and some have been sequenced. They are relatively easy to grow under laboratory conditions. Moreover, despite their small genome size, they display cellular features and processes that are highly conserved amongst most eukaryotes. For instance, they have membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton, nuclear DNA, and transcription mechanisms that are similar to those found in higher eukaryotes. Furthermore, yeasts have many well-characterized secretory proteins and pheromones. Several yeast genes involved in protease processing and secretion have also been identified. Thus, yeasts can be used for several eukaryotic gene and protein studies with the aid of suitable molecular biology tools. Some applications for yeast cultures include synthesis of protein expression systems, the study of specific gene or protein functions, and the analyses of novel protein interactions. They are also used for many industrial applications such as fermentation, baking, and bioremediation.
Yeast culture media play a significant role in supporting growth in both small and large scale purposes. Typically, a yeast culture medium includes peptone, yeast extract, and dextrose or glucose. Even slight differences in media composition can yield yeasts with distinct growth characteristics.
Types of Yeast Media
![classification-complex-yeast-growth-media Diagram showing the classification of complex yeast growth media](/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/microbiological-testing/microbial-culture-media-preparation/classification-complex-yeast-growth-media/classification-complex-yeast-growth-media.jpg)
Figure 2.Classification of Complex Yeast Growth Media
![classification-synthetic-yeast-growth-media Diagram showing the classification of synthetic yeast growth media](/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/microbiological-testing/microbial-culture-media-preparation/classification-synthetic-yeast-growth-media/classification-synthetic-yeast-growth-media.jpg)
Figure 3.Classification of Synthetic Yeast Growth Media
The minimal synthetic media can be used with drop-out medium supplements to create selective media for growing auxotrophic yeast cultures.
Furthermore, yeast strains can be sporulated using specific sporulation media. Indicator media can also be used to distinguish yeast strains that either ferment or do not ferment specific sugars, such as galactose or maltose.
Yeast Media Options
We offer a broad range of high-quality yeast culture media to suit your unique research needs. They are listed as follows:
1. YPD medium
A nutritious medium available in liquid (broth) or solid (agar) forms for the growth and propagation of yeast cultures. It primarily contains of bacteriological peptone, yeast extract, and glucose. This medium is non-selective for Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces.
2. Yeast Synthetic Drop-out Medium Supplements
The selection of plasmids in yeast is usually based on the use of auxotrophic mutant strains, which cannot grow without a specific medium component (like an amino acid, purine, or pyrimidine). Transformation with a plasmid containing the mutated gene enables the transformant to grow on a medium lacking the required component. Thus, drop-out medium supplements can be used to select transformed yeast cultures.
Please refer to the selection guide below for further details.
3. Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB with or without amino acids)
Yeast Nitrogen Base is a highly-referenced growth medium used for the cultivation of yeast. This nutrient-rich microbial medium contains nitrogen, vitamins, trace elements, and salts. It is suitable for use in classifying yeasts based on amino acid and carbon requirements. With an added carbon source, YNB with amino acids can be used for susceptibility testing of fungi.
4. EnPressoTM Y Defined Growth System is a proprietary formulation of buffering salts, amino acids, carbon source and polysaccharides. The formulation is designed to yield at least 2x more protein compared to traditional culture media.
Yeast Culture Media Selection Guide
Product Number | Name | Description | Media Components | Selectivity | Reconstitution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y1375 | YPD Broth | liquid growth medium for yeast | 20g/L peptone 10g/L yeast extract 20g/L glucose | non-selective for Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces & Zygosaccharomyces | -Suspend 50g in 1L of distilled water -Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 °C |
Y1500 | YPD Agar | solid growth medium for yeast | 20g/L peptone 10g/L yeast extract 20g/L glucose 15g/L agar | non-selective for Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces & Zygosaccharomyces | -Suspend 65g in 1L of distilled water -Heat to boiling while stirring to dissolve all ingredients completely -Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 °C |
Y0626 | Yeast Nitrogen Base Without Amino Acids | highly-referenced growth medium yeast | consists of nitrogen source, vitamins, trace elements and salts | non-selective for Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces & Zygosaccharomyces | -Make a 10x concentrated stock solution by stirring to suspend 6.8g yeast nitrogen base powder, 5g glucose, and 5-10mg of appropriate amino acid in 100mL water -Warm if necessary to aid solubilisation -Filter sterilize and store at 2-8 °C. -Dilute the 10x concentrated stock to a 1x working solution by adding 100mL concentrated stock to 900mL sterile water |
Y1250 | Yeast Nitrogen Base With Amino Acids | non-selective, highly-referenced growth medium for yeast | consists of nitrogen source, vitamins, amino acids, trace elements and salts | non-selective for Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces | -Make a 10x concentrated stock solution by stirring to suspend 6.7g yeast nitrogen base powder and 5g glucose in 100mL water -Warm if necessary to aid solubilization -Filter sterilize and store at 2-8 °C -Dilute the 10x concentrated stock to a 1x working solution by adding 100mL concentrated stock to 900mL sterile water |
Y22001 | EnPresso Y Defined | defined growth media | proprietary formulation of buffering salts, amino acids, carbon and polysaccharides | non-selective for Pichia & Saccharomyces | Suspend tablet in water and shake to dissolve |
Product Number | Missing Supplements | Amino Acids | Other Nutrients |
---|---|---|---|
Y1501 | Uracil | All standard amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L except for leucine, which is present at 380mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (7 mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L) |
Y1751 | Histidine | All standard amino acids except for histidine. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L except for leucine, which is present at 380mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), uracil (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L) |
Y1896 | Lysine | All standard amino acids except for lysine. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L except for leucine, which is present at 380mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), uracil (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L) |
Y1376 | Leucine | All standard amino acids except for leucine. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L), uracil (76mg/L) |
Y1876 | Tryptophan | All standard amino acids except for tryptophan. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L except for leucine, which is present at a concentration of 380mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L), uracil (76mg/L) |
Y0750 | Leucine and Tryptophan | All standard amino acids except for leucine and tryptophan. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L), uracil (76mg/L) |
Y1771 | Uracil, Leucine and Tryptophan | All other standard amino acids except for leucine and tryptophan. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L) |
Y2146 | Histidine, Leucine, and Tryptophan | All standard amino acids except for histidine, leucine and tryptophan. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L), uracil (76mg/L) |
Y2021 | Histidine, Leucine, Tryptophan, and Adenine | All standard amino acids except for histidine, leucine and tryptophan. All the amino acids are present at a concentration of 76mg/L. | Inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L), uracil (76mg/L). |
Y2001 | Histidine, Leucine, Tryptophan, and Uracil | All standard amino acids, except for histidine, leucine and tryptophan, are present at a concentration of 76mg/L. | Adenine (18mg/L), inositol (76mg/L), p-aminobenzoic acid (8mg/L). |
Product Number | Name | Description | Application | Features & Benefits |
---|---|---|---|---|
T2559 | EZMix™ Tryptone | Peptone derived from the enzymatic digest of casein; rich in tryptophan; also contains a mixture of nitrogen, amino acids, & vitamins | Often used in culture media | Tryptone EZMix powder provides: - Granulated, dust-free format for safer handling and faster mixing - Easy scale-up using larger package sizes |
G5516 | Glycerol | Viscous liquid widely used in molecular biology research | used for storage of microbial stocks | The product is Molecular Biology grade and is suitable for molecular biology applications |
Synthetic Media Growth Test Results
+ = growth observed; – = no growth observed
Synthetic medium Relevant genotype | Y1501 without uracil | Y1751 without histidine | Y1896: without lysine | Y1376: without leucine | Y1876: without tryptophan | Y0750: without Leu & Trp | Y1771: without Ura, Leu, Trp | Y2146: without His. Leu. & Trp | Y2021: without His, Leu, Trp, & Trp | Y2001: without His, Leu, Trp, & Ura | YPD |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN HIS3] | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN TRP1] | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN LEU2] | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN URA3] | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN LEU2, pCEN TRP1] | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | + |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN LEU2, pCEN TRP1, pCEN HIS3] | - | + | - | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + |
ade2, lys2, trp1, his3, ura3, leu2 [pCEN LEU2, pCEN TRP1, pCEN URA3] | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + |
leu2, trp1, ura3-52 | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | |
lys1 | + | + | + - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
References
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