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  • Enhanced toxicity of binary mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and three essential oil major constituents to wild Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Enhanced toxicity of binary mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and three essential oil major constituents to wild Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Journal of medical entomology (2014-08-15)
Kyu-Sik Chang, E-Hyun Shin, Dae-Hyun Yoo, Young-Joon Ahn
ABSTRACT

An assessment was made of the toxicity of 12 insecticides and three essential oils as well as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) alone or in combination with the oil major constituents (E)-anethole (AN), (E) -cinnamaldehyde (CA), and eugenol (EU; 1:1 ratio) to third instars of bamboo forest-collected Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and rice paddy field-collected Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann. An. sinensis larvae were resistant to various groups of the tested insecticides. Based on 24-h LC50 values, binary mixtures of Bti and CA, AN, or EU were significantly more toxic against Ae. albopictus larvae (0.0084, 0.0134, and 0.0237 mg/liter) and An. sinensis larvae (0.0159, 0.0388, and 0.0541 mg/liter) than either Bti (1.7884 and 2.1681 mg/liter) or CA (11.46 and 18.56 mg/liter), AN (16.66 and 25.11 mg/liter), or EU (24.60 and 31.09 mg/liter) alone. As judged by cotoxicity coefficient (CC) and synergistic factor (SF), the three binary mixtures operated in a synergy pattern (CC, 140.7-368.3 and SF, 0.0007-0.0010 for Ae. albopictus; CC, 75.1-245.3 and SF, 0.0008-0.0017 for An. sinensis). Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the aquatic environment justify further studies on the binary mixtures of Bti and essential oil constituents described, in particular CA, as potential larvicides for the control of malaria vector mosquito populations.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Anethole, ≥99%, FCC, FG
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
trans-Anethole, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Fenitrothion, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Bifenthrin, PESTANAL®, analytical standard, mixture of isomers
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Anethole, 99%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Eugenol, ≥98%, FCC, FG
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Eugenol, natural, ≥98%, FG
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Eugenol, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Cinnamaldehyde, natural, ≥95%, FG
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Eugenol, ReagentPlus®, 99%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Eugenol, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Chlorfenapyr, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Eugenol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
trans-Anethole, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Eugenol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Deltamethrin, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Etofenprox, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Fenthion, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Permethrin, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Deltamethrin, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Cinnamaldehyde, ≥99%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Cinnamaldehyde, 97%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Temephos, PESTANAL®, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
trans-Cinnamaldehyde, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Cinnamaldehyde, FCC, FG
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Anethol, natural, 99%, FG
Pricing and availability is not currently available.